Proper heat detection to achieve appropriate timing of insemination is the biggest restriction in attaining high conception rate in dairy herd. The estrus detection is the key issue to be considered on priority basis. Inefficient heat detection reduces the fertility status of herd. Interventions in existing management practices manifest estrus nicely. Manifestation of estrus is due to effect of estrogen on Central Nervous System (CNS). The standing to be ridden is the best reliable sign of estrus. Ovulation time is well estimated by standing heat. Different factors are responsible which affect estrous behavior, out of which feeding and management interventions are one of the most important factor. For improving efficiency of heat detection in animal visual observation is best method, if it is done three times a day for at least 30 minutes every time, however heat detection aids, if used in combination give better results. The progesterone (P ) estimation in milk and ultrasound monitoring of ovary and 4 reproductive tracts for estimation of ovulation time are other important methods. Ovulation time is very important point in dairy reproduction management, as optimum time for Artificial Insemination (A.I.) is based on, when ovulation takes place. It is already established that, estrus detection alone contributes considerably to reproductive status of the herd, therefore the need of the our is critical observation of dairy herd to reduce incidence of unnoticed estrus.

A field survey was undertaken in Narmada valley region, four taluka of Narmada district of south Gujarat to collect first hand information on management practices of dairy animals followed by tribal peoples. The breeding, health care and milking management practices were studied using pre tested questionnaire through three stage sampling. Two villages, from four taluka were selected. From each village, 10 tribal farmers were selected randomly with a total of 80 respondents. Study revealed that maximum farmers (41.30 %) of this area were less educated belongs to middle age (53.80% 30-50 years) category having medium size family (5-8 members). The estrus detection in cattle was based on sign and symptoms (100.0%) rather than using teaser, moreover main symptoms for identification of animal in heat were bellowing and thin mucus discharge (58.80%). The farmers (86.30%) were observed to inseminate their animals within 12-18 hrs of heat. Method of breeding adopted in area was mostly (46.30%) by combination i.e., Natural and artificial insemination (A.I.). Mostly the pregnancy diagnosis (P.D.) was practiced by 18.80% of the farmers. Dry period was more than three months in both indigenous cows (92.40%) and buffaloes (91.20%). Castration was performed in 72.70% of male animals of age more than 2 years. Vaccination was adopted by 53.80% of farmers. Regular de-worming was also practiced by 3.80 and 7.50% farmers for milch cow and calf respectively. Clean milk production was well adopted by farmers of the area. Knuckling (95.0%) was common method of hand milking followed by full hand type (3.80%) and stripping (1.30%). The management practices followed by tribal farmers of area were exceptional for few facets however most of the practices required to be improved a lot.

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Background: The corona virus disease 2019 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and is declared as a global pandemic by World Health Organization. Alterations in various hematological parameters have been recently documented in the world literature in SARS-Cov-2 infection. However, still there is paucity of hematological data in these patients. Hence this study is an attempt to evaluate the pattern of the hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients in the Indian population in our region. The objective of the study is to see the pattern of alteration in hematological parameters with emphasis on total leukocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count and platelet count in COVID 19 positive patients.Materials and Methods: This is an observational study in 50 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 status admitted to G.K. General Hospital & Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, from 1st April 2020 to 30th June 2020. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out, and relevant findings were presented.Results: Among the 50 patients, there were 35 (70%) males and 15 (30%) females with an age range from 6 months to 82 years with twenty-five patients above 50 years. There was lymphopenia in 18 patients (36%), leukopenia in 2 patients (4%) and thrombocytopenia in 8 (16%) patients.Conclusions: Majority of the patients were elderly, and there was a male predominance. There was moderate to severe lymphopenia and mild thrombocytopenia.

The economic analysis was conducted for cultivation of parthenocarpic cucumber cv. Dinamik under naturally ventilated polyhouse for two consecutive years, 2013 and 2014. The actual value of economic inputs along with subsidy component (65 and 75%) imparted by Government of Gujarat in coordination with Government of India was considered for fitting into simulation model. The differences in net realization of Rs. 371642.00 (BCR 1.36) and Rs. 164723.00 (BCR 0.55) for the years 2013 and 2014, respectively represented maximum dependency on prevailing market selling rate in respective years besides some minor difference in yield component. BCR of 2.03, 0.95 and 2.17, 1.03 could be anticipated by availing 65 and 75% subsidy in each individual year for a crop of short duration, thus opening new avenues for small farmers of the Gujarat, India.