The paper shows the results of studies conducted in order to determine the causes and mechanisms of the occurrence of such complicating factors as asphaltene-resinparaffin deposits, mechanical impurities, salts, equipment corrosion. The analysis showed that factors complicating the operation of pumps include significant removal of highly abrasive quartz sand layers, deposits in the pump and in the tubing string of precipitated asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits and inorganic salts, as well as the aggressiveness of the formation waters that contribute to equipment corrosion. The authors of the article have developed new and upgraded previously known technologies to combat these factors and proposed appropriate recommendations.

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The formation of inorganic salts in the bottom-hole area leads to a deterioration of the reservoir filtration properties and a decrease in the productivity of oil wells. The conducted research shows that the decrease in rock permeability due to salt deposition during flooding mainly depends on the number of filtered pore volumes of the injected solution, the rate of injection, temperature, differences in pressure, initial permeability of the rock and the concentration of the solution. The development of an empirical formula for predicting salt deposits in the bottom-hole area and describing the dependence of rock permeability on these factors involves the use of reliable experimental and field data. The authors propose a method for determining the probability of precipitation of some inorganic salts in the well.

Due to various reasons, oil and gas there are accidents associated with open emission formation fluid with subsequent ignition. Such accidents sometimes have catastrophic consequences. Extinguishing gas wells is done by method of limiting oxygen access to the burning area. This method includes applying an explosion near the well and creating a temporary vacuum. This method includes the use of an explosion near the well and the creation of a temporary vacuum.. This method is not applicable for extinguishing an oil well, because oil, again getting on the hot surface of the wellhead equipment, lights up again. Ignition of oil and gas wells is one of the most difficult accidents in the oil and gas industry. They can take the size of natural disasters, significantly complicate the activities of drilling and oil and gas companies, require the involvement of a large number of equipment, human and material resources, lead to depletion of mineral resources and cause irreparable damage to the environment. Even more catastrophic consequences are explosions and fires in the development of offshore fields. The accident, which occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, threw more than 5 million barrels of oil into ocean waters, with the result that the oil company VR lost about $ 22 billion. Given the negative side effects, this figure can be significantly increased. The article presents method of sealing of the burning well. For the first time in the practice of fire extinguishing, a method of using sealing hinges was applied, which was then tested on many oil and gas fields. The technology and non-standard equipment for the necessary works on wellhead sealing and cutting off the access of oxygen to the burning area are shown. The method of narrowing and localization of the burning well flame by means of flare stack, providing a safe working environment for rescuers with the help of special sprinkler и fire-protection suit is considered.

Among the objectives of the oil industry of the Chechen Republic is stable covering of requirements of the republic for hydrocarbons; attaining this objective significantly depends on acceleration of scientific and technical progress within the industry. It assumes increase in oil and associated gas production not only by means of accelerated development of new deposits, but also by wide application of progressive formation stimulation that ensures increasing output of wells in already developed deposits. One of the principal methods used to increase oil production efficiency is physical and chemical interaction with the bottom-hole zone with the aim of increasing its permeability and providing connectivity between the bottomhole and the formation; among the solutions applied, the most common are mud acid and hydrophobic acidic emulsions on its base. This work gives comparative analysis of various chemical methods used to stimulate oil inflow to bottomhole. It has been established that when acid is injected, it is mostly accumulated in highly permeable intervals, while those of low permeability comprising the bulk of the formation are barely exposed to the chemical action. Due to that, treatment with this technology leads to increased permeability of individual sublayers that had high permeability to begin with. Another cause of low efficiency of acid treatment is that increase in formation temperature leads to an abrupt shortening of the hydrochloric acid neutralization period and increased corrosive activity of the acid. Shortened neutralization period significantly contributes to worsening reservoir properties for deeper productive formation, in particular, fracture opening reduction. As a result, only the areas of the formation in the immediate vicinity of the well bore are subjected to the treatment. The authors emphasize that additional research is needed to find more efficient processes for developing Mesozoic deposits.