Background: Though there are many studies on thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), no study is conclusive. Aim of this study was to correlate abnormalities in thyroid function and lipid profile with the severity of renal failure and also to observe the difference of these abnormalities between patients on conservative management verses hemodialysis. Methods: Hundred consecutive CKD cases admitted to Medicine Department were taken up for the study. They were divided into two groups as Group-A [on conservative management] and Group-B [on regular Hemodialysis (HD)]. Hundred healthy persons were taken as control in Group-C. After evaluation of thyroid function and lipid profile statistical analysis was done by students t-test, chi-square and regression analysis. Results: Hundred CKD cases with 74% male (n=74) and 26% female (n=26) in a M: F ratio of 2.9:1 were found to be in different stages CKD (0, 2, 20, 28 and 50 in stage-1 to stage-5 respectively). In 50 cases of stage-5 CKD, 30 were on HD and 20 on conservative management. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (40%) was the commonest etiology of CKD followed by Hypertension (HTN), obstructive uropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Thyromegaly was not found in a single case. In all CKD cases (Group-A+B) TT3 (TT3) was significantly low (P =0.0011) when compared with control (Group-C) and no difference was found between Group-A and Group-B. Fall in TT3 worsened with increasing severity of CKD. Lipid profile study revealed Decreased HighDensity Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLc) and increased Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLc), TC/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc in Group-A than Group-B but only TG and TC increase was statistically significant. The levels of TG and TC and TC/HDLc increased as the stage of CKD progressed and was statistically significant (P= 0.035). Conclusions: There occurs a state of biochemical hypothyroidism without overt clinical hypothyroid state in CKD, the extent of which correlates with the severity of CKD. Increased cardiovascular complications occur due to accelerated atherosclerosis in CKD. This study confirmed that atherogenic lipid profile and thyroid dysfunction worsen with the progression of disease. Difference between patients on conservative management and HD was not found.

Background: To study and correlate the haematological abnormalities with CD4 cell counts in HIV infected patients diagnosed on OPD basis in S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack, before they are initiated on Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy.Methods: A 100, ELISA positive, untreated HIV patients were included in the study while those patients with history of any haematological disease, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD), underlying malignancy or on chemotherapy were excluded. Following clinical evaluation, haemoglobin levels (Hb. %), Total Leucocyte Count (TLC), Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Platelet Count (PC), CD4 counts (by flow cytometry) and peripheral smear examination was done. They were staged as per WHO clinical staging guidelines given by NACO and statistical analysis was drawn by Fischer Exact Test and association between CD4 counts and haematological abnormalities were inferred.Results: The mean age of the patients was found to be 36.85±6.2 years with males (63%), married (80%) and rural population (78%) showing commonest mode of transmission of the virus as heterosexual route (94%). Most common clinical finding was found to be pallor (68%) with majority in stage III of AIDS. Mean TLC count was found to be 5872±2210 cells/mm 2.40% had leucopenia on TLC and 29% had neutropenia, 30% lymphocytopenia and 20% monocytopenia on DLC. Mean CD4 count was 89 cells per microliter and 79% were anaemic. CD4 counts did not statistically correlate either with WHO staging or cytopenias or haemoglobin levels. However, there was positive association between CD4 counts with anaemia, WHO stages of AIDS, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia in this study.Conclusions: In this study we could ascertain that, majority were in WHO stage III of AIDS with CD4 counts <200 cells per microliter and blood findings of various cytopenias and anaemia. From our findings, we could correlate between WHO stage of AIDS, CD4 counts and haematological abnormalities thus, establishing the essence of our study.

INTRODUCTIONVDD is now a pandemic cutting across age groups, ruralurban divide and developing or developed countries. . Vit-D level <20ng/ml i.e. Vit-D deficiency (VDD) in 68, 20-30ng/ml i.e. Vit-D insufficiency (VDI) in 22 and >30ng/ml (normal) in 10. VDD was profound in 51-60 and 61-70 years age groups. Statistical correlation of VDD was not significant with conventional risk factors, but statistically significant correlation of VDD was observed with dyslipidemia and CAG findings in our study. Conclusions: Like earlier studies we observed significant correlation of Vit-D levels with CAD. Though dyslipidemia was significantly correlated with VDD, correlation of other conventional risk factors like age, sex, HTN, DM, smoking and family history was not found. We conclude from this study presence of significant association of VDD with severe CAD. DVD and TVD by CAG were common with low Vit-D levels.