Цель. Обосновать показания, объем и технику выполнения операций у пациентов с первичным и третичным гиперпаратиреозом при сочетании с патологией в щитовидной железе.Материал и методы. Проанализировано лечение 63 пациентов с гиперпаратиреозом в возрасте от 20 до 80 лет. У 23 был первичный, у 40 -третичный гиперпаратиреоз. Мужчин было 20 (31,7%), женщин -43 (68,3%). Диагноз устанавливали на основании жалоб пациентов на боли в костях, мышцах, кожный зуд, по уровню общего и ионизированного кальция, неорганического фосфора и показателям паратиреотропного гормона (иПТГ>300 пг/мл). Операции выполняли из доступа по Кохеру, по передней поверхности шеи. При повторных вмешательствах использовали односторонний доступ по В.И. Разумовскому. Операции у пациентов с первичном гиперпаратиреозом были направлены на удаление аденомы паращитовидной же-лезы, а при третичном гиперпаратиреозе -на тотальное удаление паращитовидных желез. При сочетании с патологией в щитовидной железе проводили тиреоидэктомию, реже -ее субтотальную резекцию.Результаты. Из 23 пациентов с первичным гиперпаратиреозом у 14 выполнено удаление аденомы и тиреоидэктомия, у 3 -удаление аденомы и субтотальная резекция щитовидной железы. Из 40 пациентов с третичным гиперпаратиреозом удаление гиперплазированных паращитовидных желез сочеталось у 18 с тиреоидэктомией, у 7 -с резекцией щитовидной железы. Сравнение УЗИ и КТ с операционными дан-ными показало, что эти методы ориентировочно указывают на количество и места расположения аденом паращитовидных желез. У 23 пациентов с первичным и у 37 пациентов с третичным гиперпаратиреозом результат лечения хороший, у 3 развился рецидив.Заключение. Лечение пациентов с первичным гиперпаратиреозом направлено на удаление аденомы, с третичным -на тотальное удаление паращитовидных желез. Ключевые слова: первичный и третичный гиперпаратиреоз, особенности лечения, объем операций, доступ по Кохеру, рецидив, аденома околощитовидной железы, тиреоидэктомияObjective. To substantiate the indications, volume and operation technique in patients with primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism in combination with the pathology of the thyroid gland.Methods. The treatment of patients (n=63) with hyperparathyroidism aged 20-80 years has been analyzed. 23 patients suffered from primary and 40 -tertiary hyperparathyroidism. There were 19 males (31,7%) and 41 females (68,3%). The diagnosis was made on the basis of patients complaints of pain in the bones, muscles, skin itching, the level of total and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and value of parathyrotrophic hormone (PTH > 300 pg/ml). The operations were carried out via a Kocher's incision on the anterior surface of the neck. In repeated interventions unilateral access according to V.I. Razumovsky was used. Surgeries in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were aimed to remove the parathyroid adenoma, and with tertiary hyperparathyroidism -to complete removal of the parathyroid glands. Thyroidectomy was performed in combination with the thyroid disease and more rarely its subtotal resecti...
The paper is devoted to determining the frequency, features of the clinical course and technique of safe thyroidectomy in patients with retrosternal goiter. Materials and methods. We analyzed the treatment of 26 patients with retrosternal goiter. All patients underwent the neck-approach thyroidectomy with the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery. Results. It was found that patients with Graves’ disease did not have retrosternal goiter, with mixed toxic goiter the frequency was 13.7%, with nodular euthyroid goiter – 26.1%. In 11.5% of patients with retrosternal goiter, the diagnosis was made by chest x-ray, in 76.9% - by ultrasound imaging, in 19.2% - by CT imaging. Of the 26 patients, 1 (3.8%) was hospitalized urgently due to respiratory failure and compression syndrome, and 25 (96.2%) were admitted as planned. Operations in 25 (96.2%) were performed under endotracheal, in 1(3.8%) – under mask anesthesia. Intraoperatively, it was found that the location of the recurrent laryngeal nerve changed in the case of chest goiter that required special care when mobilizing the posterior surface of the thyroid gland from the trachea in the zone of the lower thyroid artery and in Berry ligament. Technical manipulations aimed at preventing damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve at different stages of thyroidectomy are proposed. Conclusion. The results of operations in patients with substernal goiter show that if it is carefully performed and the recurrent laryngeal nerve is preserved, the postoperative period does not differ from that in the usual location of the thyroid gland and even relieves, since the compression syndrome is eliminated.
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