In the Moscoww region, frosts are quite probable to return until the fi rst decade of June. To protect potatoes from the returning cold weather, it is possible to use a temporary covering material in the “planting – seedling emergence” period. The authors have studied the use of covering materials on early potato varieties of Udacha, Zhukovsky early, Red Scarlet, Snegir’, and Meteor. Studies have been conducted on the test plot of the Vegetable Growing Department of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2017-2019. Non-woven white and black material of the same density of 17 g/m2 was used for covering. No covering was used in the check variant. The cultivation technology was standard,it included tillage (plowing, spring tillage, and cutting ridges before planting), as well as plant care (inter-row cultivation and hilling-up). Planting was carried out with a single-row potato planter. The earliest emergence of seedlings was observed under white covering material with a diff erence of 5-6 days in relation to the check variant. In the variant with a black covering material, the diff erence averaged 3-4 days. Due to covering, planting was carried out earlier than expected and the crop was formed by July 15. The interphase period between potato planting and seddling emergence decreased, while that from seddling emergence to harvesting increased, consequently, the yield increased by 11.6…14.7%. The maximum yield was obtained with the Red Scarlet variety using the white covering material, the minimum – in the check variant without covering. The same trend is typical for other varieties. It has been established that covering with any material has a positive eff ect on the duration of the potato growing season and the yield by increasing the period of tuberization. Covering allows getting early potato varieties 2 weeks earlier in the Moscow region.

The improvement of the competitiveness of agricultural products and ensuring food security of the country are the most important tasks of agriculture. All the changes due to the introduction of new cultivation technologies or improvement of old ones should be justified and expedient. Increasing potato production in Russia to provide the population with food and for export to European countries through the use of a two-crop culture is promising. This technology is used mainly in the southern regions of the country, but due to recent climate warming, namely, an increase in the growing season, the sum of active temperatures can be used in the middle zone. The economic and energy efficiency of early potato production in twocrop culture was carried out. The cultivation technology is standard. The experiments were carried out three times. Variants in the experiment were placed by a randomized method. The area of one experimental plot is 25 m 2 . We used the following varieties: Luck, Zhukovsky early, Bullfinch, Red Scarlet and Meteor. Planting dateswhen warming the soil to 6 ... 8 °C -May 4. The second landing was carried out on July 15. The first harvest was carried out on July 15, and the second harvest on September 25. One crop option was harvested on August 25th. The production of early potatoes in a two-crop crop is efficient. Proof of this is an increase in total productivity by 1.54 t•ha -1 , revenue from products sold and net income by 243.68 thousand rubles, as well as an increase in profitability by 32.6 %. The efficiency of potato production in two-crop crops is also evidenced by the energy efficiency coefficient, which is higher than 0 and amounts to 0.81.

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Представлены результаты исследований по защите белокочанной капусты от крестоцветных блошек при безрассадном и рассадном способах ее выращивания. Эффективность протравливания семян инсектицидом Круйзер, КС изучали на растениях гибрида F1 Финиш. Семена протравливали препаратом в норме 20 л/т (20 мл/кг) за шесть дней до высева. В контроле семена обрабатывали водой. Для оценки эффективности пролива кассет с рассадой капусты препаратом Актара, ВДГ растения выращивали в стандартных кассетах. Инсектицид применяли способом пролива за сутки до высадки рассады в открытый грунт. Расход рабочей жидкости согласно рекомендациям фирмы-производителя препарата составил 1 л/м2 с концентрацией по препарату 0,2%. Изучаемые инсектициды показали высокую эффективность в борьбе с ранневесенними вредителями. Биологическая эффективность протравителя Круйзер, КС составила на седьмой день – 71%, четырнадцатый – 82%, на двадцать первый – 88,5%. Биологическая эффективность препарата Актара, ВДГ была на седьмой день – 98%, на четырнадцатый – 100%, на двадцать первый – 98% и на тридцатый – 92%. Применение превентивных методов защиты (протравливание семян и пролив кассет перед высадкой рассады в открытый грунт) позволило защитить наиболее уязвимую стадию развития капусты – всходы и молодые растения – на срок до одного месяца. Применение инсектицидов такими способами может способствовать сокращению расходов на защитные мероприятия, снижению пестицидной нагрузки на агроценоз и степени воздействия с.-х. техники на почву за счет уменьшения количества обработок. The article presents the results of research on the protection of white cabbage from cruciferous fleas with seedless and seedling methods of its cultivation. The study of seed treatment with the insecticide Kruiser, CS was carried out on plants of the Finish hybrid. Seeds were etched with the preparation at a rate of 20 l/t (20 ml/kg) 6 days before sowing. In the control, the seeds were treated with water. To assess the effectiveness of the strait of cassettes with cabbage seedlings drug Aktara, plants were grown in standard cassettes. The insecticide was used by the way of the strait 1 day before planting seedlings in the open ground. The consumption of the working liquid according to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the drug was 1 liter/1m2 with a concentration of 0,2%. The studied insecticides showed high efficiency in the fight against early spring pests. The biological effectiveness of the Kruiser, CS mordant was 71% on day 7, 82% on day 14, and 88.5% on day 21. The biological efficacy of the drug Actara, VDC was 98% on day 7, 100% on day 14, 98% on day 21, and 92% on day 30. The use of preventive methods of protection (seed treatment and watering cassett before planting seedlings in the open ground) allowed to protect the most vulnerable stage of cabbage development: shoots and young plants for up to 1 month.

To obtain environmentally friendly early production of potatoes, the use of a technological method in the cultivation technology - light germination was studied. The cultivation technology is standard, except for the studied technique. There is a varietal reaction to reception, responds well to germination of the Luck and Bullfinch varieties. In the variant with germination, the total costs increase, but in the cost structure there is a decrease in the costs of expensive fertilizers and seeds. The cost of machinery and agricultural production does not rise much. implements in connection with additional work related to the light germination, where it is necessary to take out the planting material from the storage. These costs are not significant and the reception provides a high net energy income, high coefficients, as well as a low energy cost, which allows you to save energy resources when growing early potatoes and get maximum income. There is an increase in net energy income by 5.9 … 31.9%, energy cost coefficients by 6.3 … 32.8%, as well as a decrease in cost by 0.09 … 0.33 GJ•t−1 of tubers.