No abstract

Swmiimry; Kr~iilts are presented ofstudying cluantitat ivc regularities of utilizing aroniat,ic amities (bcnzidiiic, a-nnphthylarnirie) by Chara algae ( N i t e l l a spec.., Chrrrcc fragilis) andliighera~uatic.plarits (Elodrci ca,nud~nsis). It, is shonn that' the bmic. part of eliniinated bcnzidine is snbjectetl to oxichtive conversions under the action of inacropliyt'e enzyme systems. Xot more t h a n 30" ,,of eliminated bcnzidine acc,uinrilate in vegetative titsaes.Aromatic amines (benzidine, a-napht,hylamine) may enter the water reservoirs with sewage waters of industries producing and using paints, particularly aniline dyes, textile, pulp and paper arid of many ot'her branches of industry.Taking into account the constantly growing prevalence level of cancer, hygienists point out the necessity of a complex approach to the study of aromat'ic amines, both for developing effective met'hods of t'heir analysis arid for working out, decarciriogeriization methods for sewage waters. Numerous chemical met.hodsfor t)he desintegratioii of aromatic amines are developed at present (PROSKURJAKOV arid SHMIDT).Biologic,al methods are also known (PORIJTZKY). They do not secure a complete remova.1 of aromatic amines from the waters being purified. Therefore a search for new methods of the ditoxication of amines is demanded.At present, more arid more attention is being given to the development of biological methods for final purification based on the ability of hydrobiorits to dest'roy toxic: subst'ances. In particular, it is proposed to use charophyte plantations for the final purificatiori of t'he phenol containing sewage wat'ers (TIMOFEEVA, SousLov and STOM).Hydrophytes suitable for m e in hydrobotanic purification must have a high st'ability against' toxicants and possess enzyme systems t'hat' dest'roy xenobiotics. The detosication of t'he polluting snbstances inmist' he veritable.The following macrophyt'es were chosen as objects of investigations: Nitelltr. spec., Cl~artr fragilis and Elodea cai/(ideiiSis, all collected in Lake Haikal and Angara river during the periods of intensive plant vegetation.Out of the iiumerotis series of aromatic amines, benzidine and a-naphthylainine were selected as they possess carcinogenic activity and are componerits of sewage waters discharged by many enterprises.Two series of laboratory experiments were carried out. hi the cont'rol tests xenobiotic solutions were kept under the same conditions as the experimeiit.al ones, without introdiicing macrophytes to regist'er the process of xenohiotics' tratrsformatioii by autooxidatioii processes.In the first series of experiments solutions of aromatic aniiiies were poured iiito 2 1 capacity beakers i i i definite concentrations arid weighed poitioils of algae were

In two test series, for which 10 and 2 … 4 g/1 wet matter of higher and lower aquatic plants from the lake Baikal and from the waters in the surroundings of Irkutsk were used, phenol solutions having concentrations of 10−3 … 10−5 M (1 … 5 mg/1) were applied. During the investigations the possible error clue to the presence of microorganisms was eliminated. The phenol decomposition by aquatic plants proceeds as a first‐order reaction. The results of analyses are summarized in several tables and graphical representations.

Under laboratory conditions and conditions similar to practice in the shore region of the lake Baikal, Nitella was added to aqueous solutions of benzidine and α‐naphthylamine in the concentration range of 10−3 … 10−4 M. The results are summarized graphically in in tables. The two substances were accumulated in the protoplasm of the Nitella cells in considerable quantities.

After an outline of the possibilities and difficulties connected with the polarographic determination of aqueous quinone solutions, a specified oscillo‐polarographic method of investigation is described. By the examples of solutions of pure substances as well as of the industrial waters of a pulp mill (up to 2.3 mg/1 total quinone) the conditions for applying the technique developed art' explained. The relative error of this method does not exceed 3%