To determine the incidence rate of seborrheic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, rosacea, and melanoma among the patients diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. A cross-sectional, observational study. From 13th May 2020 to 13th April 2022 at Bahria International Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 80 patients with confirmed Parkinson's disease were evaluated for skin disorders. Disease severity was confirmed through Hoehn Yahr staging criteria (H-Y stage). Skin characteristics and disease diagnosis was made through finding sebum production levels, hot/cold flush test, immunofluorescence, and biopsy evaluation for seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, bullous pemphigoid, and melanoma, respectively. The test results were compared with the control subject. Chi2 and student t-test was used to find the significance of the results. Out of 80, 44 patients were positive for skin disorders. The incidence of seborrheic dermatitis was found in 31.2% of patients whereas rosacea, bullous pemphigoid, and melanoma were found in 15%, 6.2%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively. Skin disorders are highly prevalent among Parkinson’s disease patients than in the control population. The study invites further research in this area so that the quality of life of patients could be improved.

A global catastrophe caused by the COVID-19 epidemic has had negative effects on both health and the economy. The coagulation system may be involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 since D-Dimer, a measure of hypercoagulability, is higher in COVID-19 individuals with severe illness. In order to determine whether there is a relationship between D-Dimer levels and disease severity, this study measured the levels of D-Dimer in COVID-19 patients with severe and non-severe disease. The average age of the 72 confirmed COVID-19 patients in the research was 52.85 10.65. Based on the severity, the individuals were split into two groups, and the levels of D-Dimer were measured in each group. In contrast to individuals with less severe symptoms, those with severe COVID-19 symptoms had considerably higher levels of D-Dimer, according to the study. Cough, fever, breathing difficulties, and gastrointestinal symptoms were also discovered in the study to be statistically significant in patients with severe symptoms. The most prevalent co-morbid conditions among the individuals were hypertension and diabetes. These results emphasise the significance of identifying patients at risk for poor outcomes, tracking their D-Dimer levels and suggesting that D-Dimer levels may be a helpful prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients.