The South Caspian Basin (SCB), including the Lower Kura Depression (LKD), was one of the deep‐sea basins of Tethys before the Late Palaeogene. During the Late Palaeogene, due to the convergence of the Iranian‐Afghan and Anatolian plates with the Eurasian Plate, the SCB was transformed into a marginal sea. By the end of the Miocene, the Arabian Plate converged between Anatolian and Irano‐Afghan, which contributed to fold deformations of north‐eastern orientation in the north‐western part of the Iranian‐Afghan Plate. It led to the development of the western side of SCB and drainage of Kura Depression; since then, the LKD became a western onshore continuation of SCB. A compressive stress regime, established there since the end of the Miocene, directly influenced the structures development process in LKD and Baku Archipelago (BA). Although LKD is located onshore and its eastern edge belongs to SCB west board, together with BA they form a single structural and tectonic zone, which is evidenced by the evolution, spatial orientation of local structures and anticlinal zones. To establish the correlation of the evolution features of LKD and BA, we performed the palaeoanalysis on the basis of reconstructed palaeoprofiles for several LKD and BA structures. From palaeoprofiles, we constructed diagrams of fold growth intensity. The results of the correlation of these diagrams indicate at the consedimentational and continuous character of the development of structures in both zones (except for the buried structures) but featuring different intensity at different intervals of geological time. During the formation time of the Lower Production Series (LPS), both zones were characterized by a relatively rapid growth of the folds. At the time of formation of the Upper Production Series (UPS), Absheron‐Aghjagil structures growth intensity was roughly the same but lower than that of LPS. The most intense growth of folds in both zones occurred in Quaternary time.

Based on modern field and laboratory studies, the conditions for the accumulation of some rare and scattered elements in mud volcano breccias have been described in the article, using the example of the most characteristic mud volcanoes of Absheron and Gobustan. A typomorphic geochemical association with boron mineralization of rare and scattered elements in solid products of mud volcanic eruptions has been determined. It has been revealed that mud volcanism is a favorable factor for the accumulation of boron, lithium, cesium and strontium in mud volcano breccias in practically interesting values. The maximum values of these concentrations were noted in the fresh erupted mud volcano breccias with remnants of water-silty mud. Sample variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation are the most controlling parameters of the distribution functions of the studied elements in mud volcano breccias. According to the estimates of these parameters, it has been found that the mud volcanic new formations are rich in boron, lithium and cesium, while not being rich in rubidium. The established average values of the concentration of boron (0.216 kg/t), lithium (55 g/t), rubidium (132 g/t) and cesium (50 g/t) can be considered as the first quantitative parameters of the geochemical specialization of mud volcanic eruption products using the example of Absheron Peninsula and Gobustan. These parameters can be used to refine the so-called provincial clarkes of geochemical zoning, prediction of prospecting for boron and rare alkalic, and other problems.

Earthquakes, volcanoes, a solar activity, luni-solar affluxes influence on oil and gas accumulations and the structure of these deposits is determined by rotational, horizontal and vertical tectonic movements. In article, basd on GPS observation data, the authors suppose that in limits of The Caspian-Guba oil and gas bearing areas vertical, in a zone of buried highs of Kurdamir-Saatly-Mugan rotational, and within the Kura depression, horizontal tectonic movements will play a direct role in the formation of hydrocarbon deposits.

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