Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is transmitted from grapevine to grapevine through grafting infected material, as well as mealybug and soft scale insect vectors. We determined the transmission efficiency of GLRaV-3 by two mealybug vectors, Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus, by examining the relationship between the number of nymphs per plant, using groups of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 first-to second-instar nymphs, and the infection rate of healthy grapevine plants. Plants and single nymphs were tested for GLRaV-3 with nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR). The results of this study showed the infection rate of P. ficus and P. longispinus nymphs with GLRaV-3 after acquisition access and inoculation access periods of 5 days each to be similar between intra-and interspecific groups, ranging from 5% to 19%, except for the '40-nymph group' of P. longispinus, which had a higher number of infected nymphs (63%). The number of nymphs used per group did not influence the infection rate of plants, which ranged from 11% to 80% and 20% to 70% for P. ficus and P. longispinus, respectively. Transmission of GLRaV-3 with single P. ficus and P. longispinus nymphs resulted in 70% GLRaV-3 positive plants in both cases. This study has shown both species to be equally efficient as vectors of GLRaV-3. We have further shown for the first time that a single individual of either P. ficus or P. longispinus is capable of transmitting GLRaV-3 and infecting a healthy grapevine plant. The results of the study highlight the importance of implementing vector control measures.

The prevalence of viral hepatitis in pregnant women in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (RS(Y)) for 2007-2016 is presented in this article.

No abstract

This article presents the results of a study on psychoemotional stress observed in a northern environment, an important factor contributing to the development of abnormalities during pregnancy and leading to a risk of miscarriage in first-trimester (MT1) pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 147 MT1 pregnant women were included in the study, who were divided into 3 groups based on their health status: Group 1 (Control group) included basically healthy women (n=24); Group 2 (Risk group) included women defined as vulnerable to risk factors (n=32); Group 3 (Threatened group) included women hospitalized for threatened miscarriage (n=35). In Groups 2 and 3, patients were divided into 3 age groups: 18-24 years, 25-34 years, and ≥35 years. Patients in the Control group were divided into 2 age groups, 18-24 years and 25-34 years, since women aged ≥35 years were referred to Group 2. The psychoemotional status of the women was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in Yu.L.Khanin's adaptation, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results: The results of our study showed the presence of age-specific features in the psychophysiological state of pregnant women living in the North, specifically, high anxiety levels. In all patient groups, psychoemotional stress tended to increase with age. The highest stress levels were observed among pregnant women from the Threatened miscarriage group, especially in 2 age subgroups (18-24 years and ≥35 years).

Protection of maternal and child health is a special health care industry. It largely determines the future of the nation. Therefore, it is an important matter of the state. This article presents an analysis of cases of very early preterm births (VEPB) and their outcomes in 2012-2014 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Retrospective analysis of the cases of VEPB and of the status of health of the babies born before 28 weeks of gestation was conducted during the research. The group at risk of VEPB consisted of women with burdened obstetric and gynecological history. The main causes of VEPB were premature amniorrhexis in pregnant women with carriage of infections and life-threatening severe pre-eclampsia. In the structure of morbidity of very preterm babies the first place among the main diseases belongs to perinatal lesion of central nervous system, the second place belongs to respiratory distress syndrome, and the third place to infectious and inflammatory diseases. In the structure of death, 57.1% of fatal cases are babies with a term of gestation less than 28 weeks. The causes of mortality were respiratory distress syndrome, congenital pneumonia, and intraventricular hemorrhage. (Int J Biomed. 2016;6(1):56-59.) Keywords: preterm birth; very early preterm birth; very low birth weight; extremely low birth weight.