Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФ, Москва, РФ 2ГБОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» МЗ РФ (Сеченовский уни верситет), Москва, РФ 3ГБУЗ «Самарский областной клинический противотуберкулезный диспансер им. Н. В. Постникова», г. Самара, РФ 4ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА России, Москва, РФ Представлен краткий обзор становления и развития системы скрининга детского населения на туберкулез и на латентную туберкулезную инфекцию-от альт-туберкулина Коха до современных рекомбинантных аллергенов туберкулезных для внутрикожного введения и ла бораторных тестов in vitro. Приведены обширные данные о клиническом исследовании и внедрении в практическое здравоохранение РФ пробы с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным в качестве скрининга на туберкулез у детей с 8 до 14 лет включительно.
The article presents a brief overview of the establishment and development of screening system in the pediatric population for tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection - from Koch alt-tuberculin to modern recombinant tuberculosis allergens for intradermal administration and in vitro laboratory tests. It gives extensive data on clinical research and the introduction into practical public health of the Russian Federation of the test with recombinant tuberculosis allergen as a screening method for tuberculosis in children from 8 to 14 years old inclusively.
Представлена всесторонняя характеристика очагов туберкулезной инфекции, находясь в которых дети заболели туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью (МЛУ)� Установлено, что риск развития у детей туберкулеза с МЛУ возможен при контакте с больным туберкулезом при неустановленной лекарственной устойчивостью к рифампицину, что необходимо учитывать при назначении режима химиотерапии� При назначении превентивной химиотерапии детям из контакта с больным туберкулезом с МЛУ необходимо взвешивать соотношение риск -польза� Ключ евые слова: туберкулез с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя, дети, очаг инфекции, превентивная химиотерапия
The objective: to study the effect of short course chemotherapy regimens on treatment outcomes in children with drug resistant tuberculosis.Subjects and methods. In 2017-2019, 31 children at the age from 3 to 17 years old, received short course chemotherapy which lasted for 12-15 months. Children of both genders were enrolled in the study, they all were new pulmonary tuberculosis cases with multiple drug resistance or at risk of MDR, with no history of previous treatment with reserve anti-tuberculosis drugs, and without severe concomitant diseases. Before the treatment was prescribed, all children underwent lung computed tomography additionally to general clinical and laboratory tests.Results. The chemotherapy regimen for each child consisted of 4-6 drugs selected individually with the consideration of resistance pattern of the child or suspected index case. In all cases, the combination of drugs included fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin). Amikacin (67.7%), aminosalicylic acid (80.6%) and prothionamide (74.2%) were frequently prescribed. 54.8% of children received pyrazinamide and 48.4% – cycloserine. Given the limited lesions, only 16.1% of children received linezolid and 9.7% of children received bedaquiline. The main chemotherapy course made 13.2 ± 0.5 months (from 12 to 15 months depending on the form of tuberculosis and changes during treatment). The duration of the intensive phase made 4.8 ± 0.3 on the average. 2 (6.5 ± 4.4%) of 31 children developed adverse events requiring the cancellation of the drugs causing them.Conclusion. This study has demonstrated satisfactory tolerability and good efficacy of these short course regimens for treatment of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis. No relapses of tuberculosis were reported.
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