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This paper deals with a park-and-ride commuting system designed mainly for servicing urban work trips. A methodology is presented to define the demand for a fixed park-and-ride station location and this procedure is extended for estimating the demand for park-and-ride at any location along a transportation route. A process is suggested for locating one or more stations in such a way that the cost of the system to the commuters and the community is minimized. The models developed in this analysis are applied to a case study area and the results are compared with those derived from the planning models of other researchers.Le prCsent texte traite du systtme de stationnement de dissuasion conGu principalernent pour les trajets ayant comme destination les lieux de travail en milieu urbain. On prksente une mdthodologie pour dCfinir la demande et ainsi localiser les stations fixes pour les stationnements de dissuasion tout point d'un parcours. Une methode est suggCr6e pour localiser un ou plusieurs de ces stationnements de fqon a minimiser le coDt du systeme tant aux utilisateurs qu'i la communautC. Les modeles dCveloppts dans cette analyse sont appliques a un cas particulier et les rCsultats sont cornparks a ceux qui sont dCrivCs des modeles dCveloppCs par d'autres chercheurs.[Traduit par la revue]Can. J. Civ. Eng. 10, 695-702 (1983)

Abstract:The article focuses on the issues of Load Frequency Control (LFC) under non-linear strategies in multi source multi area hydro thermal system. On practical perspective dead band, boiler dynamics, reheat steam turbine along with hydro turbine operating under two different area capacities are considered in the system. When subjected to random load variations in both the areas, the system exhibits higher oscillations. The speed governor matches the generation with the demand. The offset in the area frequencies and tie-line power is removed by using secondary Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The PI controller is tuned using Ziegler Nichols' (ZN) and Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) method. The influence of high Proportional (P) controller gain during steady state and high Integral (I) controller gain during transient affects the system performance. Variable Structure System (VSS) helps to switch from P to PI controller during transient to steady state based on control error. The concept of VSS is applied to Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) PI controller. The performance of the optimal Variable Structure Fuzzy Gain Scheduled (VSFGS) controller under non-linear environment is judged and validated using performance indices.