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4-Substituted-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidines were prepared efficiently in three steps. 2-Benzylthiopyrimidine on iodination in presence of base gave 5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidine (1), which on chlorination with excess of POCl3 furnished 4-chloro-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidine (2). Reaction of 2 with substituted aromatic amines, 2-aminopyridine and hydrazine hydrate yielded 4-amino-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidines 3(a-e), (3f) and (3g) respectively. Further, 4-hydrazino-5-iodo-2-benzylthiopyrimidine on condensation with substituted aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes afforded the corresponding schiff bases 4(a-h). The structure of synthesized compounds have been established by spectral studies and elemental analysis. Synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity. Compound 3f exhibited good antifungal activity against A. niger. The compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, 4g and 4h exhibited good antibacterial activity.

The word histone modification refers to variable and heritable phenotype of histone without DNA sequence transformation (Macchia et al., 2021;Morgan & Shilatifard, 2020;Sun et al., 2021). This post-translational modification involves acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitinoylation. These biochemical mechanisms require histone-modifying enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HAT), deacetylases (HDAC), methyltransferases (HMT), demethylases (HDM), DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), and Kinases, to play a vital role in germ cell development and embryo formation (

Cancer and inflammation interlink with many pathways. Millions of people died because of these two disorders. Major pathways that cause both inflammation and cancer are STAT3, NF‐κB, COX, and histone acetylation. However, these are the target for medicinally potent heterocycles such as pyrimidines, indole, and pyrazole. Many NSAIDs reported in the literature belong to both natural and synthetic molecules. This review encompasses molecular mechanisms for inflammation, NSAIDs derived from natural sources and synthetic methods, and recent reports on heterocycles as potent anti‐inflammatory agents and their significance in cancer treatment. Literature for the study, accomplished from 2019 to 2022.

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