The article is devoted to the 80th anniversary of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the 130th anniversary of one of its founders and leaders, prominent botanist and academician Yevgeniy Petrovich Korovin. A brief essay of the history of the Institute of Botany and a list of the most important publications for 80 years (1940–2020) are given.
Crotalaria alata (Fabaceae) and Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. (Asteraceae) are herbaceous, annual, and upright plants. Both species are excellent feed crops for cattle, sheep, and goats.Representatives of the genus Crotalaria are distributed in America and Australia [1,2]. Under the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, C. alata can provide two mowings.The genus Guizotia is endemic to southeastern regions of Africa, where 12 species are encountered. In Abyssinia and India, this species is cultivated as an oil crop [2]. Data on the seed lipids of these plants are sparse [3].Seed lipids of C. alata and G. abyssinica that were introduced to the F. N. Rusanov Botanical Garden of the AS RU were analyzed.Seeds (1000) of C. alata (38.8 g, 10.7% moisture) and G. abyssinica (4.3 g, 5.2% moisture) were studied. Neutral lipids (NL) were extracted from ground samples by benzine (72-80°C) in a Soxhlet apparatus. Total polar lipids were extracted by the Folch method, purified of impurities [4], and separated by column chromatography over silica gel with elution of remaining NL by CHCl 3 , glycolipids (GL) by (CH 3 ) 2 CO, and phospholipids (PL) by CH 3 OH. Table 1 lists the content of lipid groups in seeds of C. alata and G. abyssinica. Table 1 shows that seeds of C. alata have a low oil content. The content of PL in them is <0.6%. The content of total lipids in seeds of G. abyssinica reach 36.82% owing to the high fraction of NL.The components of the isolated lipid groups were established by comparison with authentic comounds and qualitative reactions on TLC under the conditions used to separate NL, GL, and PL [4-6]. As expected, triacylglycerides dominated the NL of the studied samples. They were accompanied by hydrocarbons, carotinoids, esters of aliphatic and cyclic alcohols with fatty acids, free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, triterpenols, and sterols. The carotinoid content in NL of C. alata was 38.5 mg%. NL of G. abyssinica also contained oxygenated triacylglycerides of various polarity, including epoxyacylglycerides (positive qualitative reaction with picric acid) and hydroxyacylglycerides, which are characteristic of lipids from plants of the Asteraceae family [7].GL and PL of the studied seeds were similar in qualitative composition. The principal components were mono-and digalactosyldiacylglycerides, sterylglycosides and their esters, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylinosites, which are characteristic of the seeds of higher plants [6,8]. Table 2 lists the fatty-acid compositions of NL and polar lipid as their methyl esters determined by GC. Hydrolysis of the lipids and GC analysis of methyl esters were performed as before [9]; preparation of methyl esters, by the literature method [4]. Apparently fatty acids of the NL and polar lipid of seeds of both species were highly unsaturated. The principal acids of NL and polar lipid of C. alata seeds were 18:2, 18:1, and 16:0. These acids were also the principal components of fatty oils from seeds of previously studied species of Fabaceae [6, ...
The problem of preserving the biological diversity of the Earth is attracting increasing attention of the world scientific community. Rare plant species, as the most vulnerable part of the flora, are under the greatest threat of extinction. In the study of this group of plants, population methods are increasingly being used. Revealing the number, structure, efficiency of self-renewal and resistance of populations of rare plants in relation to anthropogenic influences creates the basis for developing effective measures for their protection. The aim of the study was to assess the current state of coenopopulations of some rare endemic species – Acantholimon nuratavicum Zakirov ex Lincz. (Plumbaginaceae), Cousinia pseudolanata Popov ex Tscherneva (Asteraceae), Lepidolopha nuratavica Krasch. (Asteraceae) included in the Red Book of Uzbekistan. The results showed that in the ecological–coenotic conditions of the Navoi region, the studied coenopopulations are normal and incomplete. Ontogenetic spectra of coenopopulations are centred and left sided, with a peak for middle-aged and young generative individuals, which is associated with the ecological conditions of habitation and anthropogenic pressure.
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