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Nanorods of ZnO/CeO2 were synthesized by thermal decomposition method. The decomposition temperature and formation of composite material were confirmed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) before the synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by different techniques. The structural and morphological properties of ZnO/CeO2 nanorods were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The chemical composition and specific surface area analysis were done by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Further the catalyst was used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dye under visible light irradiation

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal how support services for open and distance students are designed, developed and implemented to ensure successful learning to take place, with specific references to the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL) and Universitas Terbuka (UT) Indonesia. Success in distance learning is one major challenge for open universities to respond to expectations of students and stakeholders. This study focuses on the strategies of student support services in OUSL and UT, investigating related factors including instructional design and development, learning engagement and motivation, policy and strategy in reducing dropouts, use of OER/MOOCs, and quality assurance. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study was employed involving analyses of documents; interviews and focus group discussion with senior administrators, academic staff, students; and on-site observation in locations of teaching and learning. Findings This research is exploratory in nature. Findings of the study are expected to improve our understanding of student support in distance learning, in which analysis is based on good practices, challenges and rooms for improvement of both OUSL and UT. Practical implications Findings of this study reveal practices and lessons learnt that may be useful as reference to open universities, taking into considerations the fact that each open university has been established to address specific challenges in its own unique circumstances. Originality/value This research may be adopted as baseline framework for analysis of student support for open universities. Further in-depth study is needed to understand how various aspects of student support contribute to success in open and distance learning.