According to the World Health Organization (WHO) annually in the world traumatic brain injury (TBI) are about 10 million people, of whom 1.5 million die (9.0% of all causes of mortality), and another 2.4 million are disabled. The incidence of TBI is 1,8-5,4 per 100 thousand population, according to WHO, every year it increases by 2%. In Ukraine there is a TBI each year almost 100-200 thousand. Victims, about 1 million. Establish disability due to TBI. In 50-90% of patients after brain injury neurological symptoms persist or new emerging neurological syndromes that cause disability in 45% of them. Every year in Ukraine die from TBI 10-11 thousand citizens, in accordance mortality of 2.4 cases per 10 thousand population (USA- 1.8-2.2 per 10,000 per year).

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the XXI century continues to hold the lead as the leading cause of death worldwide and in Ukraine (65.2%). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading place among the causes of death and disability in working-age people worldwide. In Ukraine, the analysis of mortality from CHD is 491.91 per 100 thousand population. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leads to an increase in cardiovascular disease and mortality. It is known that SNS may participate in the formation of atherosclerosis by activating platelets with the subsequent formation of platelet growth factor and contributes to mechanical damage to the vessel wall as a result of high blood pressure and increased blood flow velocity. There are data on the mechanisms of interaction of SNS the vascular endothelium. Vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, among which includes the CHD.

Cardiovascular diseases (COD] occupy a leading place in the structure of general morbidity, primary disability and total mortality in Ukraine. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease of the large and medium-sized arteries causing luminal narrowing (focal or diffuse) as a result of the accumulation of lipid and fibrous material between the intimal and medial layers of the vessel. Atherosclerosis involves an ongoing inflammatory response. Atherosclerosis leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which gradually increases in size and narrows the lumen of the vessel. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are the most common of the studied risk factors that lead to the development of stroke.

The most severe form of disease is a brain stroke. The incidence of stroke in the Ukraine is about 100-120 thousand. Cases. 40-50% of patients die within the first year after a stroke, and 80% of survivors remain disabled, dependent on others. The main risk factors for stroke are hypertension, especially untreated, blood drops. Stroke threatens to increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The sharp decline in blood pressure can also cause stroke, especially in the elderly. Next importance of a risk factor for stroke is atherosclerosis. It is proved that the leading role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia plays, in particular, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The incidence of atherosclerosis is directly proportional to cholesterol in the blood. This article describes a case of clinical practice - driving patient after acute ischemic attack. The method of examination and the basic tactics of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with this pathology. Background rehabilitation of patients with stroke is increasing year by year, due to the fact that stroke is the second-third place among the main causes of disability in the population.

Acute encephalopolyradiculoneuropathy - syndromic disease, which is mostly representing secondary damage of the nervous system. Among patients with verified herpetic neuroinfection, encephalopolyradiculoneuropathy type composes 20% cases. In 30-60% of cases infection, hypothermia, toxic lesions, vaccination, surgery precede this disease. Symptoms increase within few days till 1 month. In 25% of cases respiratory and bulbar muscles, cranial nerves are affected. The clinical case of secondary acute encephalopolyradiculoneuropathy with bulbar disorders and mild pain syndrome has a mixed genesis - infectious and allergic, arouses interest because of increasing frequency. The attention focused on this group of diseases, namely because of the difficulties in differential diagnosis and effective treatment.