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Summary. Muscle triglycerides and glycogen were measured in biopsy specimens of the vastus lateralis muscle before and after i h of ergometric exercise at 50 to 60% of maximal capacity (i. e. at a pulse rate during exercise of 180 minus age) in 3 groups of 19 to 35 year old, non-obese male subjects: 10 normals, 10 insulin dependent diabetic patients in relatively good control and 10 poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetic patients in whom insulin was withdrawn 24 h prior to examination. At rest in all subjects muscle triglyceride content was positively correlated with serum triglycerides (p < 0.001) and blood glucose (p < 0.05), resulting in ele'~ated muscle triglyceride stores in the insulin deficient diabetic patients (17.9 + 1.8 ~tmol/g protein vs. 13.4 _ 1.3 and 9.4 _+ 1.2 in the normal subjects and the well controlled diabetic patients; p < 0.05 and < 0.001). During exercise, utilisation of muscle triglycerides and glycogen were directly related to content at rest (p < 0.001), including the insulin-deprived patients with decreased glycogen. The decrease of muscle fat was associated with a rise in serum glycerol (p < 0.001) and nonesterified fatty acids (p < 0.001) during exercise.

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Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) was compared with highly purified human pancreatic and pork insulin with regard to its ability to bind to erythrocytes of normal and insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (type I diabetes). The binding affinity or capacity of erythrocyte from both normal and diabetic subjects were comparable for biosynthetic and pancreatic human insulin. In contrast, binding of pork insulin to erythrocytes was significantly decreased at low insulin concentrations in normal as well as in diabetic subjects due to a reduced receptor affinity. The affinity of the "empty sites" was 5.25 x 10(-8) M-1 with pork insulin in normal subjects and 6.1 x 10(-8) M-1 in diabetic subjects; with both human insulins, the affinities were 6.9 x 10(-8) M-1 in normal subjects and 8.6 x 10(-8) M-1 in diabetic subjects. The number of insulin receptors per erythrocyte was calculated as being 30 in normal subjects and 35 in diabetic patients.

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