HIF-1alpha has an important role to play in pathophysiology of oral cancer, both under normal and hypoxic conditions. The pharmacological manipulation of HIF-1alpha has marked effects on tumour growth, and it could prove to be an important target for drug therapy, both in oral cancer and in other hypoxia-dependent disease states.
The identification of those skill sets required for deployment is in keeping with the General Medical Council's current drive towards credentialing consultants, by which a consultant surgeon's capabilities in particular practice areas would be defined. Limited opportunities currently exist for trainees and consultants to gain experience in the management of traumatic head, face, neck and eye injuries seen in a kinetic combat environment. Predeployment training requires that the surgical techniques described in this paper are covered and should form the curriculum of future military-specific surgical fellowships. Relevant continued professional development will be necessary to maintain required clinical competency.
SUMMARY
The cervical cords of 100 children with myelomeningocele were studied, together with the caudal dislocation of the medulla and spur deformity. Hydromyelia, present in 40 per cent at C8, diminished rapidly to be replaced by severe anterior/posterior compression of segments and partial or complete obstruction of the central canal in the region of C2 to C4. Syringomyelia was presett in 20 per cent of cases and was probably related to the dorsal medullary spur and cystic overhang. Other deformities included diplomyelia, winged cords and dorsal slits.
RÉSUMÉ
Malformations de la moelle cervicale chez les enfants atteints d'anomalies de la soudure neuro‐spinale
Les moelles cervicales de 100 enfants atteints de myéloméningocéle ont étéétudiées et compareées á l'étude de la dislocation caudale de la moelle et des malformations de l'arc postérieur. L'hydromélie, présente dans 40 pour cent des cas à C8, diminue rapidement pour être remplacée par une compression antéro‐postérieure grave des segments et une obstruction partielle ou compléte du canal rachidien dans les régions C2 à C4. Un syringomyélic était présente dans 20 pour cent des cas, probablement reliée à l'éperon médullaire dorsal et au surplomb cystique. Les autres malformations observées comprenaient desd dymélies, des torsions de la moelle et des fissures dorsales.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Deforniierungen des cervicalen Rückenmarks bei Kindern mit neurospinaler Dysraphie
Das cervicale Rückenmark von 100 Kindern mit Myelomeningocele wurde zusammen mit Fällen von caudaler Dislokation und geringer Deformierung untersucht. Eine Hydro‐melie war noch in 40 prozent in Höhe von C8 zu finden, nahm jedoch rasch ab, um in der Gegend von C2 bis C4 durch eine schwere anterior posteriore Kompression von Segmenten und teilweise oder Völlige Verlegung des Zentralkanals ersetzt zu werden. Eine Syringomyelic war in 20 prozent der Fälle zu finden und stand wahrscheinlich in Zusammenhang mit dem apex cornu posterioris und einem cystischen überhang. Andere Deformierungen schlossen eine Dimelie, ein geschweiftes Rückenmark und dorsale Schlitze ein.
RESUMEN
Deformidades de la médula cervical
Se estudió la médula cervical de 100 niños con mielomeningocele, junto con dislocatión caudal del bulbo espinal y deformatión en espuela. Hidromelia, presente en el cuarenta por ciento a nivel C.8, disminuyó rápidamente para ser reemplazada por una grave compresión anterior‐posterior de los segmentos y obstructión parcial o completa del canal central en la región de C.2. a C.4. La siringomielia estaba presente en el 20 por ciento de los casos y estaba relacionada probablemente con el espolón medular dorsal y la formatión quistica pendiente por encima. Otras deformidades inclulan dimelia, médulas aladas y hendiduras dorsales.
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