Abstract:A hydroxyapatite is known as one of vital materials and common use in biomedical field and concentrated in clinical area. In relation to the above, the development of hydroxyapatite powder becomes an attractive research lines due to simplify in produce it. Thus in this paper the researcher stress out about Hydroxyapatite powder gained from the natural sources or so called as the waste of Tilapia bone and scales. The raw bones of and scale were undergo to crushing process to form in powder size (0.2 mm) then analysed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to identified the mineralogy of raw bone. Moreover the powder of fish bone and scales also go through to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) machine to analyse the microstructure of the powder while EDS act as device to determine the chemical composition of the sample powder. Sample powder then forward calcination process at selected temperature range to as a cheaper method in obtained hydroxyapatite raw sources. The range ofcalcination temperatures are between 800˚C to 1000˚C.The sample preparation were analysed in both condition before and after calcination process by using XRD, SEM and EDS.The HAP crystalline composition of tilapia bones for raw powder and at 800 ˚C are similar with HAP pattern (JDS 00-009-0432) and the chemical reaction is Ca 5 (PO4) 3 (OH) then at temperature 900 and 1000 similar to HAP pattern (JDS 00-055-0592) with chemical reaction equal to Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 .

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Abstract:Recently Metal injection molding is selected as a vital process in producing large amount of small part with complex geometry and intricate shape. This process is lead to solve cost effective issue in manufacturing fields. Feedstock composition behavior categorized as one of impact factor in determines the victories in metal injection molding process. Thus this paper is focused on optimizing the strength of green part by applied Taguchi Method L9 (3 4 ) as optimization tools during injection process. The composition of feedstock is 55% powder loading (PL) were injected by injection molding machine .Several injection parameter were optimized such as injection temperature (A), barrel temperature (B), injection pressure (C) and Speed (D) The results analyzed by using Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N ratio) terms. The highest green strength is A

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Abstract-Sewage fat or Fat Oil Grease (FOG) derivatives for binder's component in the stainless steel SS316L feedstock being injected and undergo several test debinding variables. The influences of temperature, time and solvents type has been tested with binder formulation of 60:40 between Polypropylene (PP) and FOG derivatives besides the 60% powder loading of stainless steel powder. Experimental results of the quickest and higher percentage of FOG derivatives leach out from green part is being analysed. The green part will undergo two different solvent debinding (Heptane and Hexane) with three different solvent temperature. Debinding times was set for 10 hours and every 1, 3, 6 and 10 hours the green part will undergo weight measurement for monitoring the weight loss percentage of green part. It seems that both solvent indicates good diffusion and dilution for extracting the FOG derivatives out from the green part in producing brown part where no sign of part crack or swelling during and after solvent debinding. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) for element detection and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis also being perform which indicates the good pores build up. Results found that the best solvent for removing FOG derivatives is hexane with 60oC being the choice of solvent temperature.