The fight against mastitis was and remains one of the most serious problems in the dairy farming. The disease is widespread throughout Russia among cows of different breeds. According to our data, more than a half of the number of cows, up to 68.5% in a herd, go through mastitis during a year in the farms examined by us; 55.0% of them go through it from two to seven times. The coccal microflora has the decisive importance according to the frequency of isolation rate from the secretion of the udder of cows with mastitis -87.5% of the total number of isolated cultures with farm fluctuations from 40.0% to 100.0%. The test results of the vaccine “Streptostaphus” in three farms of the region made it possible to determine the most effective vaccination scheme for animals and to develop a “Method of specific prophylaxis of mastitis in cows.” The employees of the branch proposed a pattern of use of the complex drug “Amber-splenivitis” on pregnant animals with the aim of preventing mastitis in cows in the dry and postpartum periods. The use of antimicrobial drugs of prolonged action during the cows drying off period is advisable to take into account the sensitivity of microflora to them, released from the secretion of the udder of lactating cows of a single farm (complex). The prevention of massive mastitis in cows should include the implementation of measures aimed at increasing both the general resistance and specific reactivity of the cows organism.

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Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ìàñòèò êîðîâ, àíòèáèîòè÷åñêèå ïðåïàðàòû, êóðñ ëå÷åíèÿ, ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ. Ðåçþìå.  ýòèîëîãèè è ïàòîãåíåçå ìàñòèòà ó aeèâîòíûõ Àâäóåâñêàÿ, Í.Í. Àíàëèç ëå÷åíèÿ áîëüíûõ ìàñòèòîì êîðîâ â îäíîì èç õîçÿéñòâ Âîëîãîäñêîé îáëàñòè / Í.Í.

Over the past two years (2019, 2020), we have studied 660 milk samples from cows with various forms of mastitis, delivered from 50 dairy farms and complexes. At the same time, 1240 microbiological studies were performed, as a result of which 248 cultures of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were isolated, namely: 146 (58,8%) cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, 33 – (13,3%) conditionally pathogenic staphylococci, 31 – (12,5%) Streptococcus agalactiae, 13 – (5,2%) Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 25 – (10%) of the family of Enterobacteriaceae. For 2019 and 2020 the allocation percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was 58,8%, which exceeds the allocation percentage of conditional pathogenic staphylococci 4,4 times, agalactiae 4,7 times and dysgalactiae Streptococcus 11,3%, enterobacteria, 5,9 times, respectively. After examining the areas of growth retardation of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobial agents, both intracisternal and intramuscular, on the example of nine dairy farms in 2019 and 2020, we revealed different resistance of the pathogen in each of the farms we examined. When analyzing the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobial drugs, including complex ones, their active substance was taken into account. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that in all farms, the greatest sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus was noted to norfloxacin (35,3 mm), neomycin (33,2 mm), amoxicillin (34,5 mm), benzylpenicillin-procaine (33,6 mm), marbofloxacin (34,5 mm). The lowest sensitivity of the microbe was found to cloxacillin (26,6 mm), dioxidin (22,5 mm), and spiramycin (25,5 mm). Thus, Staphylococcus aureus has different resistance to antibiotics, and the use of antimicrobial agents with low effectiveness can lead to a chronic form of mastitis. In this regard, and to achieve effective treatment, it is necessary to identify the causative agents of inflammation of the mammary gland of cows, as well as to analyze their sensitivity to the antibacterial drugs used in the farm. The article was completed in accordance with state task N 0578-2019-0003.