Background. In some rare cases pediatric solid tumors may infiltrate or incase major vessels, which may require vascular plastics as part of radical tumor resection. As these situations are rare in pediatric surgeon practice, there is no common approach to this problem. In order to analyze the available experience we reviewed published cases concerning vascular plastics in pediatric oncosurgery.   Materials and methods. The references from MEDLINE (PubMed), HighWire Press, and eLibrary electronic databases were analyzed for references describing practical vascular surgery experience with vascular implants published in 2002–2022.   Results. There is few published data on major vessels reconstruction in patients with pediatric solid tumors. Most publications describe single cases or small case series. The vascular plastics in these children is difficult due to small vessel diameter, difficulties in choosing the right graft, risk of thrombosis, and the need to provide adequate circulation in a rapidly growing child. As there are no major studies of this subject we still have no consensus on optimal vascular reconstruction tactics in children with solid tumors. Therefore, new systematic studies are needed.   Conclusion. We provide a brief review on currently used methods of vascular plastics and reconstruction available for use in children with solid tumors.

In spite of a relatively good prognosis of most patients with nephroblastoma, there are some subgroups characterized by different unfavorable prognostic factors, in which the overall prognosis is much worse. In particular, this can be applied to patients with very high risk relapse. As in these cases the tumor is often resistant to most chemotherapy modalities, the quality of surgical control is of utmost importance.We present a case of a 9-year-old patient with second local nephroblastoma relapse involving a large portion of inferior vena cava. During the course of complex therapy a radical surgical resection with vascular plastic by xenopericardium implant was performed. The follow-up, albeit short, yields no signs of disease progression or graft malfunction.This case demonstrates the possibility of successful vascular plastic in a child with relapsed tumor. This method may allow more radical tumor resection.

In spite of the fact that nephoblastoma is a most common pediatric renal tumor, there are periods, during which other renal malignancies are prevalent. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) becomes increasingly more prevalent with age and has to be reckoned with while choosing diagnostic algorithms and treatment tactics in adolescents.We present two cases of adolescents with localized RCC. In both cases laparoscopic interventions, nephrectomy and tumor resection, were used without pre-operative chemotherapy. The treatment decision on initial surgical treatment was based on visualization results, in one case additional data was provided by fine needle biopsy.These cases highlight the importance of differential diagnosis and visualization data-based treatment interventions in adolescents with renal tumors. The fine needle biopsy may provide some additional data which potentially may allow implying less traumatic laparoscopic surgery and potentially allow nephron-sparing interventions.