Marine environments are subject to increasing disturbance events, and coral reef ecosystems are particularly vulnerable. During periods of environmental change, organisms respond initially through rapid behavioural modifications. Whilst mean population level modifications to behaviour are well documented, how these shifts vary between individuals, and the relative trade-offs that are induced, are unknown. We test whether the frequency and time invested in different behaviours varies both between and within individuals with varying resource availability. To do this, we quantify differences in four key behavioural categories (aggression, exploration, feeding and sociability) at two sites of different resource availability, using an obligate corallivore butterflyfish species (Chaetodon lunulatus). Individuals on a low resource site held larger territories, investing more time in exploration, which was traded off with less time invested on aggression, feeding and sociability. Repeatability measures indicated that behavioural differences between sites could plausibly be driven by both plasticity of behaviour within individuals and habitat patchiness within feeding territories. By combining population-level means, co-correlation of different behaviours and individual-level analyses, we reveal potential mechanisms behind behavioural variation in C. lunulatus due to differences in resource availability. Significance statement Using observational methods, we identify differences in the behaviour of an obligate corallivorous butterflyfish (Chaetodon lunulatus) between a high and a low resource site. We use a combination of density surveys, territory mapping and behavioural observation methods in a comparative analysis to relate behaviour directly to the environment in which it occurs. Bringing together insights from game theory and optimal foraging, we also use our results to highlight how understanding the correlations of different behaviours can inform our understanding of the extent to which behaviours are plastic or fixed. Furthermore, by considering how multiple behaviours are correlated, we move away from exploring individual behaviours in isolation and provide an in-depth insight into how differences in behaviour both between individuals and at the population level can affect responses to declining resource availability.

Groupers and snappers are two demersal fish groups that are currently experiencing heavy fishing pressure both for the live reef fish trade and as fresh or processed fisheries commodities across the Coral Triangle. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of grouper and snapper fisheries in the Bontang region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) indicators. The assessment followed the Indonesian EAFM Assessment Guidelines methodology, with 6 Domains (Fisheries Resources, Habitat and Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, Social, Economy, and Governance) and 32 indicators. Data were collected through a desk study and site visits including key informant interviews, direct observation and secondary data collection. With the exception of the Social Domain, at least one indicator in each Domain was in the Very Poor category, and three indicators were in the Poor category. Management policies and actions are needed to maintain the overall Good status and address the issues threatening sustainability.

Whale shark tourism is a growing industry in the world. This study aimed to determine the benefits local people earn from whale shark tourism at two sites in Indonesia, Botubarani in Gorontalo Province and Labuhan Jambu, Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This study involved dive centres, fishermen, community tourism groups, village enterprises (BUMDES), home stay owners, car rental companies, boat owners, lift net owners, snorkelling equipment rental businesses and ecotourism operators. In Botubarani, dive centres sold whale shark watching dive trips for US$42.3/pax, and snorkelling trips for US$23/pax, of which, US$4.6 and US$2.7 went to the Pokdarwis, and US$33.5 to the dive centre. For nondivers, trips cost US$11.5, of which US$1.5 was for whale shark bait, US$1.5 went to the Pokdarwis, and US$4.6 to fishermen. Whale shark watchers in Labuhan Jambu paid US$211.5-US$270 to ecotourism operators plus US$7.7/pax to the BUMDES. From that money, US$119 was paid to lift net owners, US$42 to boat operators, and US$19.2-US$76.9 to ecotourism operators. On average, car rental companies received US$46.1, home stays received US$7.6, and US$11.5 was paid for rental equipment.

The purpose of this research was to determine several population dynamics parameters of a mantis shrimp (Gonodactylus chiragra) population including growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and relative yield per recruit. Mantis shrimp were sampled from the waters around Batukalasi, South Sulawesi Indonesia from 16th June to 21st July 2019. Each specimen was measured, weighed and the sex determined. Growth parameters were estimated using the Von Bertalanffy equation. Natural mortality (M) was estimated using Pauly’s empirical equation. Total mortality (Z) was estimated using the Beverton and Holt equations. Fishing mortality was calculated from the equation Z = F + M. The exploitation level and relative yield per recruit were estimated using the Beverton and Holt equations. These analyses were conducted in the FAO-ICLARM Fish Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II) program. The 707 mantis shrimp samples were collected comprised of 245 females and 462 males. The growth rate coefficient was higher in male than female mantis shrimps, while male mantis shrimps reached their asymptotic length faster than females. For both male and female mantis shrimps, the estimated natural mortality was higher than fishing mortality, indicating the stock is not over-exploited. The relative yield per recruit was below the optimum value for both female and male mantis shrimp (0.035 and 0.046, respectively).

Sulawesi, the largest island in Wallacea region is well-known for its avifauna diversity and endemism. The island is mountainous and surrounded by long coastline with mangrove and wetland ecosystems. To date, most of coastal area converted into fishpond, rice field and settlement. As a result, many species are seriously threatened by land conversion. Nevertheless, species composition of birds in the converted coastal area has poorly studied. To fill in the information gaps, we conducted research in Universitas Hasanuddin fishpond. The fishpond situated in Tanjung Kupa, a small peninsula in Mallusetasi subdistrict, Barru regency, South Sulawesi. This research aimed to figure out the species composition, ecological niche, conservation status and feeding guild of the bird at converted coastal area. Data were collected using MacKinnon list method in the morning at 06.30-09.30 and in the afternoon at 15.30-17.30 from August to September 2020. From the observations, we recorded 37 bird species from 25 families consist of 29 resident, 4 migratory, 3 introduce and 1 endemic species. Most of common birds species dominated by open-country specialist which indicates a change in the composition of bird species in the converted coastal areas of Barru Regency.