Aim. The paper’s aim is to present some current specific online studying instructional measures at the International Relations Department of the National University of Ostroh Academy in Ukraine.Methods. The study is devoted to the observation of some theoretical and methodological aspects of the peculiarities of online studying measures at the International Relations Department. The theoretical and comparative methods of analysing the peculiarities of online studying have been taken into account. In order to summarise the currentonline studying experiences at the International Relations Department, some specific instructional measures for both students and teachers are presented, for example: how to handle the lack of interaction, master self-learning, promote self-regulation strategies and become more strategic thinkers.. The necessity of studying the above-mentionedaspects has been caused by their impact on students’ learning activity, especially in the times of COVID-19 pandemic.Results and conclusions. The focal point of this research is to provide an insight into the background of online studying peculiarities through the prism of Ukrainian teachers and students. The analysis is focused on online studying of foreign languages, as well as the possible online teaching methods of professional disciplines (History of International Relations; Foreign Policy of the Countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America; International Conflicts; Current Problems of International Relations in the Middle East) at the International Relations Department. What is more, the authors outline how to help students deal with the lack of interaction, master self-learning, promote self-regulation strategies and become more strategic thinkers. The authors also highlight possible challenges for the faculty and suggest ways to overcome those difficulties. Moreover, some major prerequisites of students’ self-regulatory online learning are described. Contribution. The results of the study are instrumental in mastering the peculiarities of online studying through the prism of learning at the International Relations Department of the National University of Ostroh Academy (Ukraine). The findings of this study may be considered important and contribute to future research.
In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the growing role of soft power as well as public and cultural diplomacies in international relations. This article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of Saudi Arabia’s cultural diplomacy in the context of the Vision 2030 strategy implementation. Riyadh sees cultural diplomacy as an important tool to improve its international image and develop strategic communication. The strategies Vision 2030 (2017) and Cultural Vision (2019) are the framework documents of the Kingdom on the basis of which it is possible to analyze its soft power policy. The authors trace different levels of cultural development in Saudi Arabia. The status of the KSA, as the centre of Islam, allows the active use of religion as one of the most important components of cultural diplomacy. The same reason permits the development of religious tourism. The Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidelines promotes the teachings of the Quran, develops Islamic centres and mosques, coordinates Islamic organizations, supports Islamic universities and institutes abroad, and strengthens the reputation of the state and Saudi rulers as Custodians of the Two Mosques. In recent years, the Kingdom has undergone major reforms, including the cultural ones. The authors outline how Saudi Arabia has intensified cultural policy in implementing its Vision 2030 strategy through the establishment of the Ministry of Culture, the MiSK Art Institute and other organization s. The authors conclude that cultural diplomacy is attractive to the country’s leadership as a tool for disseminating Saudi values and that pandemic will determine the further framework for the development of Saudi cultural diplomacy in the nearest future.
In the early 21st century, the Latin American region was one of the essential vectors of Belarusian foreign policy. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela was noted for being the first country of Latin America which established close ties with the Republic of Belarus. The purpose of the article is to study the dynamics of the bilateral relations between Belarus and Venezuela at the present time, to determine the peculiarities of the cooperation between the states, and to identify the factors which affect the interrelation between the countries. The methodological base of the research includes the following methods: analysis, synthesis, chronological, predictive and event analysis.
Стаття присвячена аналізу проблеми енергетичної залежності країн Центральної Америки і Карибського басейну. На основі статистичних та аналітичних даних автори роблять спробу виявити особливості й специфіку розвитку енергетичного сектору досліджуваних країн, проаналізувати позитивні і негативні тенденції та визначити перспективи більшого унезалежнення держав регіону в енергетичному секторі. Особлива увага зосереджена на проблемах енергетичної безпеки та шляхах їх подолання. Також автори розглядають проблему низького рівня доступу жителів більшості досліджуваних країн до електроенергії. У роботі аналізується рівень залежності регіону від імпорту нафти, нафтопродуктів, природного газу та вугілля. Автори простежують головні джерела постачання традиційного викопного палива у держави регіону. Здійснено спробу поділити країни регіону на групи ризику за ступенем залежності від імпорту вуглеводнів. У роботі розглянуто реалізацію спільних проектів щодо підвищення рівня енергетичної незалежності та безпеки у рамках інтеграційних об'єднань. Зокрема автори дають оцінку проекту інтеграції електричних мереж країн Центральної Америки та впровадженню Регіонального ринку електроенергії (Mercado Eléctrico Regional), який сприяв зміцненню стабільності електроенергетичної системи регіону. Також увагу приділено спільній політиці держав Карибського басейну у сфері енергетики. Розглядається програма держав Карибського співтовариства (CARICOM) з розвитку відновлюваної енергетики. Автори оцінюють ефективність реалізації цієї програми в контексті сьогоднішнього стану енергетичного сектору у країнах Карибського басейну. Крім того, у статті розглянуто діяльність деяких глобальних міжнародних інституцій в енергетичному секторі у країнах досліджуваного регіону. Так розглядаються проекти Міжнародної агенції із відновлюваної енергетики (IRENA) та Світового банку.
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