Childhood asthma was strongly associated with a family history of asthma and rhinitis, the place of residence, having smokers as parents and early weaning from maternal breast milk. These results highlight the need to reassess the management of asthmatic children in Maputo.

Asthma is increasing in frequency worldwide. The education of affected children and their parents is fundamental for the management of the disease. The aim of our study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the parents of asthmatic children. We studied 152 adults accompanying asthmatic children to consultations in the pediatrics department of Maputo Central Hospital (Mozambique). In general, knowledge about asthma was poor: 11% of the adults thought that asthma was contagious and transmitted from person to person, and 4% thought that it was transmitted by contaminated food. More than half the parents thought that the child could not lead a normal life even during the periods between attacks. A large proportion of the parents thought that asthma could be cured by medical treatment in 7% of cases and by alternative treatment in 43% of cases. The precipitating factors were well identified by the adults, but they had an inaccurate perception of the symptoms of an asthma attack. The actions of the various classes of drugs used were poorly understood. Education programs for both the children and their parents should be developed to improve the management of asthmatic children. Surveys of this type facilitate the targeting of such programs.

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