Laminar mixed convection in two-dimensional stagnation flows around heated surfaces is analyzed for both cases of an arbitrary wall temperature and arbitrary surface heat flux variations. The two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations and the energy equation governing the flow and thermal fields are reduced to a dimensionless form by appropriate transformations and the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved in the buoyancy assisting and opposing regions. Numerical results are obtained for the special cases for which locally similar solutions exist as a function of the buoyancy parameter. Local wall shear stress and heat transfer rates as well as velocity and temperature distributions are presented. It is found that the local Nusselt number and wall shear stress increase as the value of the buoyancy parameter increases in the buoyancy assisting flow region. A reverse flow region develops in the buoyancy opposing flow region, and dual solutions are found to exist in that flow regime for a certain range of the buoyancy parameter.

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An axially traveling magnetic wave can be used to induce a meridional base flow in a cylindrical zone of an electrically conducting liquid, such as a crystal growth melt. This flow generated non-intrusively can be conveniently controlled, in magnitude and direction, to derive potential benefits for crystal growth applications. In particular, it can be used to effectively stir the melt in long cylindrical columns. It can be used to modify the species concentration field and the thermal field (to some degree) in the melt and to also affect the interface shape of the growing crystal. The basic theory of such an application is developed and preliminary data from a model fluids experiment, using a mercury column, are presented.