SUMMARY :In India about 760 millions of farmers are engaged in agriculture. According to an estimate more than 60 per cent of the farmers have no access to any source of modern agriculture information. Reaching to these unreached farmers is a great big challenge before the extension system. To achieve growth rate more than four per cent in agriculture, ICT revolution in India must be preceded by the next generation of technology and infrastructure development. Application of ICTs in agriculture should be increased. ICT must be used to reach small and marginal farmers, who are the vast majority of Indian farmers and often unable to access agriculture informations. Presently extension personnel of both government and non-government organisations are using various information and communication technologies for transfer of agriculture technologies among the farming community but they are facing many constraints and obstacles in ICT application. Therefore, the entire study was carried out in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state to identify the problems and obstacles perceived by extension personnel in use of information and communication technology. A total of 160 extension personnel (80 from GO and 80 from NGOs) were selected from One GO and eight NGOs. To study constraints being faced in ICT application five commonly used ICT tools namely computer, Internet, mobile phone, Kisan call centre and information kiosks were selected. Data from the respondents were collected through face to face interview technique with the help of developed instrument. The findings of the study revealed that more than two-third of the extension personnel perceived either medium or higher level of the constraints regarding ICT application in agriculture, It was also found that extension personnel of government organisation faced more constraints than NGOs personnel in the application of computer, Internet, mobile phone, Kisan call centre and information kiosk in agriculture.

Social media is the use of Facebook, Youtube, Whatsapp, Blogs, Twitter, My Space and LinkedIn for the purpose of communication, sharing photos as well as videos (Acheaw and Larson, 2015;Balkrishna and Deshmuk, 2017;Thakur and Chander, 2018). However for the purpose of this study social media is captured within the use of internet through Facebook, Whatsapp, Youtube, Instagram, Telegram messenger as well as other Messengers for communication and sharing of information, innovations on latest technologies by sharing of photos and videos (Barau and Afrad, 2017). Teenagers and young adults have especially embraced these sites as a way to connect with their peers, share information, reinvent their personalities, and showcase their social lives. It is also astounding to accept as true that in little as two short decades, the evolution of the Internet and social media has taken place right before our eyes. It was only in 1991 that the World Wide Web became public, Article History

Smart phone applications are increasingly being used by farmers of North East India to help them make informed decision on Climate-Smart Natural Resource Management (CSNRM). The research project m4agriNEI is an innovative mix of Smart Phone and web applications along with Toll Free IVRS based farmer specific agro-advisory system being implemented at College of P.G. Studies in Agricultural Sciences of CAU, Imphal at Umiam, Meghalaya in collaboration with Digital India Corporation, New Delhi. The present study aims to investigate and confirm a successful model application of smart phone Agro-Advisory Services (AAS) by the registered farmers of m4agriNEI by incorporating five constructs through Structural Equation Modelling on CSNRM in Agriculture. Survey research design was followed in the study by incorporating exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A total of 363 registered farmers were treated as respondents in the study. The study unveiled that 'Smart Phone Agro-Advisory Services Acceptance Model' of m4agriNEI is a successful model on empowering the tribal farmer of Meghalaya in climate smart natural resource management in agriculture by providing right information in right time through a smart phone based agro-advisory system.