The beam-beam effects have been the dominating sources of beam loss and lifetime limitations in the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider [V. Shiltsev et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 101001 (2005)]. Electron lenses were originally proposed for compensation of electromagnetic long-range and head-on beam-beam interactions of proton and antiproton beams [V. Shiltsev et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 2, 071001 (1999).]. Results of successful employment of two electron lenses built and installed in the Tevatron are reported by Shiltsev et al.
Over the last few years Fermilab has developed the superconducting third harmonic section for t he FLASH (TTF/DESY) upgrade. Initial v ertical tests of 9 -cell Nb cavities didn't reach the designed accelerating gradient. The main factor of gradient limitation was multipacting in the HOM coupler. In this paper we present the results of vertical tests ac companied with 3D analysis simulations of multipacting. Also we discuss the RF design of the new HOM couplers. The goal of the new design is to eliminate multipacting and to increase the second resonance frequency of the HOM coupler . Increasing this frequency reduces electric and magnetic fields , resulting in decreased thermal load on the antenna. Two cavities with modified HOM couplers have achieved operating gradients of 23MV/m.
A new superconducting quadrupole magnet for linear accelerators was fabricated at Fermilab. The magnet is designed to work inside a cryomodule in the space between SCRF cavities. SCRF cavities must be installed inside a very clean room adding issues to the magnet design, and fabrication. The designed magnet has a splittable along the vertical plane configuration and could be installed outside of the clean room around the beam pipe previously connected to neighboring cavities. For more convenient assembly and replacement a "superferric" magnet configuration with four racetrack type coils was chosen. The magnet does not have a helium vessel and is conductively cooled from the cryomodule LHe supply pipe and a helium gas return pipe. The quadrupole generates 36 T integrated magnetic field gradient, has 600 mm effective length, and the peak gradient is 54 T/m. In this paper the quadrupole magnetic, mechanical, and thermal designs are presented, along with the magnet fabrication overview and first test results.
Future Linear Colliders have hard requirements for the beam transverse position stability in the accelerator. A beam Position Monitor (BPM) with the resolution better than 0.1 micron in the single bunch regime is needed to control the stability of the beam position along the linac. Proposed BPM is based on the measurement of the asymmetrical mode excited by single bunch in the cavity. Four stages of signal processing (space-,time-, frequencyand phase-filtering providing the required signal-to-noise ratio) are used to obtain extremely high resolution. The measurement set-up was designed by BINP and installed at ATF/BNL to test experimentally this concept. The setup includes three two-coordinates BPM's at the frequency of 13.566 GHz, and reference intensity/phase cavity. BPM's were mounted on support table. The twocoordinates movers allow to move and align BPM's along the straight line, using the signals from the beam. The position of each monitor is controlled by the sensors with the accuracy 0.03 micron. The information from three monitors allows to exclude angle and position jitter of the beam and measure BPM resolution.. In the experiments the resolution of about 0.15 micron for 0.25 nC beam intensity was obtained, that is close to the value required.
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