An academic interest in the topic of digital economy is caused by the ever increasing digital technology possibilities as a new production factor. In digital production, added value is obtained as a result of information procession using digital technology, the final products of which are new products and services. Digital economy contributes to the rethinking of existing economic relations and formation of new pure digital economy sectors as the basis for a new information economy. In this paper, we analyze theoretical aspects of the evolution of the «digital economy» concept; examine various scientific and expert opinions and views on current issues. The authors’ approach to the definition of «digital economy» concept follows from the economic theory of «productive forces and production relations,» and is based on the premise of «new production relations». This paper critically rethinks the state of digitalization in Kazakhstan, the implementation of the Digital Kazakhstan Program, which really showed the impact of the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic on digitalization, especially within healthcare, education, and public administration. The results of the study suggest that at present, digital knowledge and digital literacy skills are becoming an urgent need for most citizens to improve their efficiency of work and the employee qualification. A comparative analysis of the digital economy’s development level across leading and developing countries has shown a number of significant factors that hinder digitalization in Kazakhstan, such as the lack of a fullfledged digital infrastructure (IT capacity, limited technological capabilities, etc.).As a result of the study, we have determined a lag in both implementation of digital communication technologies and development of digital business in Kazakhstan. Simulation results show that the effective digital economy development in Kazakhstan requires ensuring a positive dynamics of such key digital growth indicators, as the availability of digital communication technologies and the volumes of digital business, which have a positive correlation with the development of digital literacy, and the level of e-government. Mathematical methods we used in writing this paper have allowed us to develop a predictive model of the digital economy development in Kazakhstan in the medium term. We have made specific conclusions and recommendations for the development of the digital economy in Kazakhstan for the near future.

There is a wide variety of dynamics of structural transformations of employment in the world. Some regions of the world are seeing steady growth in employment, while others are facing severe declines in employment. Demographic changes potentially affect regional growth through a reduction in the labor force, which has an impact on growth and is largely dependent on the level of education, labor productivity, and labor resources. The article discusses the impact of ecology on the structural transformation of employment in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The labor market of the Republic of Kazakhstan has acquired a permanent character over the years of Independence and reflects the changes that the country's economy has experienced over the past 30 years. Structural shifts were observed in the structure of world GDP from industrial production to the service sector, to the developing economy of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of ecology on the structural transformation of employment in the context of digitalization of the economy of Kazakhstan.

Б а с р е д а к т о р ы х. ғ. д., проф., ҚР ҰҒА академигі М. Ж. Жұрынов Р е д а к ц и я а л қ а с ы:Ресей) Абишев М.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Аврамов К.В. проф. (Украина) Аппель Юрген проф. (Германия) Баймуқанов Д.А. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Байтулин И.О. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Банас Иозеф проф. (Польша) Берсимбаев Р.И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Велесько С. проф. (Германия) Велихов Е.П. проф., РҒА академигі (Ресей) Гашимзаде Ф. проф., академик (Әзірбайжан) Гончарук В.В. проф., академик (Украина) Давлетов А.Е. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Джрбашян Р.Т. проф., академик (Армения) Қалимолдаев М.Н. проф., академик (Қазақстан), бас ред. орынбасары Лаверов Н.П. проф., академик РАН (Россия) Лупашку Ф. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Молдова) Мохд Хасан Селамат проф. (Малайзия) Мырхалықов Ж.У. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Новак Изабелла проф. (Польша) Огарь Н.П. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Полещук О.Х. проф. (Ресей) Поняев А.И. проф. (Ресей) Сагиян А.С. проф., академик (Армения) Сатубалдин С.С. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Таткеева Г.Г. проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Умбетаев И. проф., академик (Қазақстан) Хрипунов Г.С. проф. (Украина) Юлдашбаев Ю.А. проф., РҒА корр-мүшесі (Ресей) Якубова М.М. проф., академик (Тәжікстан) «Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық ғылым академиясының Хабаршысы».