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RATIONALE: Regular vigorous physical exercises in professional athletes may impact innate immune responses. METHODS: 37 young athletes, age 18-22 years were assessed for 4 months including 3 groups: G1-rowing, men (n 5 12); G2swimming, women (n 5 16); and G3-swimming, men (n 5 9). Leukocyte counts, neutrophil phagocytotic activity, and complement were assessed at the beginning of training and after 4 months of intensive training. RESULTS: Leukocyte counts rose in G1 by 3.49%, in G2 by 24.91%, and in G3 by 19.21%. Neutrophils also increased by 11.21% in G1, 28.5% (p<0.05) in G2, and 19.96% in G.3 Phagocytosing neutrophils rose in G1 by 9.76%, but fell in G2 by-12.46% (p<0.05), comprising 87.71% in G1, 64.23% in G2 and 63.33% in G3. Phagocytosed bacteria rose in G1 by 45.61% (p<0,05), but fell in G3 by-10.44% being 8.0661.39/ cell in G1, 7.4061.03/cell in G2 and 7.4162.45/cell in G3. Total number of phagocytosed bacteria increased in G1 by 68.79%, in G2 by 7.21% and G3 by 12.00%. Complement activity as CH50 fell in G1 by-20.41%, but rose in G2 by 21.10% and in G3 by 15.46% (p<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: The influence of vigorous training on innate immunity in young athletes may depend on the sport discipline and, to less extent, on gender.