No abstract

Since thousands of years natural products have played a very important role in health care and in prevention of disease. To evaluate the anti-microbial & antidiabetic activities of leaf extracts (chloroform and methanol) of ixora chinensis. A complete literature survey of ixora chinensis revealed that most of the activities reported on leaves and flowers were anti-oxidants, anticancer, anti-microbial activities. For preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts, we performed tests for alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, proteins and steroids. From this study, we can conclusively state that methanol, chloroform leaf extracts of Ixora chinensis has anti-hyperglycemic activity, anti-microbial activity. These results support the use of the plant in folk medicine to manage microbial infections, diabetics and other related diseases.

The goal of the current study was to identify potential bioactive components that may be responsible for Rhynchosia beddomei's antidiabetic activity through in silico docking study and to investigate potential mechanisms by which Rhynchosia beddomei may be helpful in managing diabetes and its associated complications.  In vitro anti-diabetic assays showed that this plant's high efficiency to inhibit α-amylase (62.13%) and α-glucosidase (59.9%) enzymatic activity, which are well-established targets for the management of diabetes, is responsible for its anti-hyperglycaemic activity. Soxhlet extraction produced an extractive yield of 35.43%.  Additionally, we hypothesised that flavonoids including rutin, lucenin, orientin, rhynchosin, and isooreintin contained in this plant may be accountable for the antidiabetic characteristics through docking experiments. The traditional usage of this herb as an antidiabetic is supported scientifically by these findings.  By reducing dietary glucose intake, it may help slow the course of diabetic complications and control diabetes. The therapy of hyperglycaemia requires further screening of predicted antidiabetic compounds.

Rutin was evaluated for its antihypertensive effect by In vitro ACE inhibitory activity using Captopril as standard. For molecular docking the proteins namely PDB ID: 1UZE, 1O86, 2XY9 and 3L3N are selected and modelled. The abilities of the 3D model were assessed via the PROCHECK database and considered with the Ramachandran plot. The G-score of rutin was found to be more than the glide score of standard drug captopril affirming that the compound had similar affinity to impasse to the proteins. Proteins with PDB ID 1UZE, 1O86, 2XY9, and 3L3N showed more than 90% favoured area which evidently specifies that the designated protein in the current research is of noble eminence. ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion outcome shown the three violations of rutin out of the five and the Captopril has got zero violations which noticeably shown the possibility for its greater oral bioavailability. The results of bioactive score revealed that rutin and captopril showed moderately active against GPCR ligand, ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor and nuclear receptor but both rutin and the standard captopril were found to be highly dynamic counter to protease inhibitor and enzyme inhibitor. The PASS results clearly stated that rutin and captopril as cardio protectant, vasoprotector, vasodilator, antihypertensive. Rutin was predicted with hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity while captopril was predicted with myocardial infarction, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The direct targets of rutin have interventions with Cytochrome P4503A, Carbonic anhydrase II, Sodium /glucose cotransporter/2 and TNF-alpha for direct targets.  The possible targets were with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, and Sodium /glucose cotransporter/2. In vitro ACE inhibition assay demonstrated that rutin has shown antihypertensive activity by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme. From the above results the mechanism of action of rutin was validated through in silico interactions with the suitable PDB’s from MCULE software.