Введение. Воронкообразная деформация грудной клетки (ВДГК) представляет собой различное по форме и глубине искривление грудины и передних отделов ребер, приводящее к уменьшению объема грудной клетки, сдавлению и смещению органов средостения, вызывающее функциональные нарушения со стороны сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной систем, проявляющееся косметическими дефектами различной выраженности. Данную патологию определяют у 1 из 300–400 новорожденных, она составляет около 90% от всех врожденных аномалий грудной клетки. Цель. Оценить функциональные нарушения органов дыхания и сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациента с III степенью ВДГК до оперативного лечения и изменение этих параметров в послеоперационном периоде. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ клинического случая ВДГК у пациента с диагнозом «врожденный порок развития: воронкообразная деформация грудной клетки III степени, IIA3 тип «Grand Canyon» по Park», проходившего обследование и оперативное лечение в ортопедо-травматологическом отделении учреждения «ГОДКБ»; повторно ребенок госпитализирован через год после оперативного лечения для осуществления динамического осмотра. Использовались инструментальные методы исследования (мультиспиральная компьютерная томография органов грудной клетки, электрокардиография, эхокардиография, суточное мониторирование электрокардиографии, исследование функции внешнего дыхания). Результаты. Клинический случай тяжелой ВДГК III степени IIA3 тип «Grand Canyon» показывает значительные изменения параметров кардиореспираторной системы после хирургической коррекции в виде улучшения показателей функции внешнего дыхания до субнормальных величин по рестриктивному типу (до операции – умеренные нарушения по рестриктивному и обструктивному типу), нормализации ритма сердца, исчезновения пролапса митрального клапана и дилатации правых отделов сердца (до операции – тахиаритмия и дилатация правых отделов сердца, пролапс митрального клапана) и свидетельствует о перестройке функционирования кардиореспираторной системы к новым условиям. Заключение. Функциональные расстройства в работе органов дыхания и сердечно-сосудистой системы, обусловленные деформацией и компрессией органов грудной клетки, корригируются при восстановлении анатомической формы грудной клетки. Introduction. Pectus excavatum is a curvature of the sternum and anterior ribs that may differ in shape and depth, resulting in reduced thoracic volume, compression and displacement of the mediastinal organs, causing functional disorders of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and manifesting as cosmetic defects of various expressiveness. This pathology is detected in 1 of every 300–400 newborns accounting for about 90% of all congenital anomalies of the chest. Purpose. A literature review and a clinical case description of functional disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in a patient with grade 3 VDHC before surgical treatment with an evaluation of changes in these parameters in the postoperative period. Materials and methods. An analysis of the clinical case of a patient diagnosed with "Congenital malformation: Funnel chest deformity of the III degree, IIA3 type "Grand Canyon" by Park" who underwent examination and surgical treatment in the orthopedic and traumatology department of the State Children’s Clinical Hospital was carried out. The child was re-hospitalized a year after surgical treatment for follow-up examination. Instrumental methods of examination were applied (multispiral computer tomography, electrocardiography, echocardiography, Holter monitoring, and external respiratory function testing). Results. The described clinical case of severe VDHK III degree IIA3 type "Grand Canyon" reveals significant alterations of cardiorespiratory parameters after surgical correction as an improvement in respiratory function to subnormal values of restrictive type (before surgery moderate disorders of restrictive and obstructive type were observed), normalization of the heart rhythm, disappearance of mitral valve prolapse and right heart dilatation (before surgery tachyarrhythmia and right heart dilatation, and mitral valve prolapse were present) indicating restructuring of cardiorespiratory system functioning for new conditions. Conclusion. Functional disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems caused by deformation and compression of the chest organs are corrected by restoring the anatomical shape of the chest.

Objective. To determine the attitude of world religions to surrogacy, to analyze relevant regulatory legal acts of a number of European countries, to identify the main problems associated with the practice of surrogacy.Materials and methods. To achieve the above objective, we analyzed up-to-date literary sources and studied regulatory legal acts of several European countries.Results. The attitude of world religions to surrogacy has been analyzed. The legal acts regulating the concerns in relation to surrogacy in different countries of the world have been presented. The main problems associated with the practice of surrogacy have been outlined.Conclusion. The social value of surrogacy as a way of procreation is obvious. In conditions of low life expectancy, increasing number of infertile marriages, population aging in a number of countries in the world, this method of reproduction allows preventing adverse demographics. When it comes to commercial contract, the institution of surrogacy solves economic problems of a certain category of population.High costs of medical manipulations, legal aspects, and religious problems of procreation using the method of surrogacy are not obstacles to the further development of this type of reproductive techniques.

Objective. To study the effect of the degree of pectus excavatum in children on the severity of clinical manifestations, as well as the function of the chest organs before and after surgical treatment.Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients with II-III degree pectus excavatum undergoing surgical treatment and examination at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of the Gomel Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital from January 2019 to September 2021. All the patients were examined in clinical setting with laboratory and instrumental methods, were performed electrocardiography, echocardiography, Holter monitoring, the study of the function of external respiration, computed tomography of the chest.Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it has been found that the degree of thoracic deformity in children affects the severity of clinical and functional changes in the chest organs.Conclusion. The performed study has showed that the surgical treatment of pectus excavatum contributes to the elimination of functional disorders in the work of the heart and respiratory organs.