Gastric cancer is a very serious disease and is naturally resistant to many anticancer drugs. To reduce the mortality and improve the effectiveness of therapy, many studies have tried to find key biomarkers. Proteomic technologies are providing the tools needed to discover and identify disease-associating biomarkers. The proteomic study of gastric cancer establishes any specific events that lead to cancer, and it provides a direct way to define the true function of genes. Using two dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis of the stomach cancer tissue, we have gained about 1,500 spots in each gel, and 140 protein spots also were identified. Among the identified proteins, there were seven over-expressed proteins in stomach cancer tissue: NSP3, transgelin, prohibitin, heat shock protein (hsp) 27 and variant, protein disulfide isomerase A3, unnamed protein product and glucose regulated protein. There were also seven under-expressed proteins in stomach cancer: Apolipoprotein A-1, p20, nucleoside diphosphate isomerase A, alpha 1 antitrypsin, desmin, serum albumin and serotransferrin.

BackgroundEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been known to play a key role in the stromal invasion of carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesion. Loss of E-cadherin and acquisition of vimentin are two critical steps in EMT, that are induced by Snail-1 upregulation associated with overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, roles of EMT-related proteins in human cervical tissues have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the immunoexpressions of EMT-related proteins in CIS, microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and invasive SCC to demonstrate their key roles in tumor progression.MethodsEighty one CIS, 17 microinvasive, and 21 invasive SCC cases were immunostained with primary antibodies for Snail-1, EGFR, E-cadherin, and vimentin on paraffin-embedded tissue microarray blocks.ResultsEGFR and Snail-1 proteins were highly expressed but the levels were not significantly different between the three groups. However, loss of E-cadherin and acquisition of vimentin were proven to occur significantly higher in microinvasive and invasive SCC cases than in CIS.ConclusionsE-cadherin and vimentin were found to be two useful indicators of EMT in evaluating stromal invasion of CIS. However, it was not demonstrated for Snail-1 and EGFR proteins to play any key role in the progression of cervix cancer.

This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic implication of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) immunoreactivity in 81 human lung carcinomas, including 65 cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and 16 cases of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC); and also to investigate its relationship with the cell proliferation and regulation by immunostaining of Ki-67 and p53 proteins, respectively. The immunohistochemical staining for TTF-1 (clone 8G7G3/1) was performed and several clinicopathologic variables and the follow-up data were obtained. The immunostaining results for TTF-1 were semiquantitatively interpreted as negative and positive. Of NSCLCs, TTF-1 is highly expressed in adenocarcinomas (76%), whereas squamous cell carcinomas revealed no immunoreactivity (0%). SCLCs showed strong TTF-1 expression (88%). In NSCLC, TTF-1 expression was inversely correlated with Ki-67 proliferative activity and independent of p53 overexpression. TTF-1 (+) group tended to show better survival than TTF-1 (-) group in NSCLC. Conclusively, these observations suggest that TTF-1 is a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for pulmonary adenocarcinomas and SCLCs; that TTF-1 might have a good prognostic implication based on its inverse correlation with Ki-67 proliferative activity and tendency for better survival in NSCLC; that this cell lineage marker may play a role in the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancers at the level of transcription.

Concave-side septal mucosae have impaired mucociliary transport, presumably due to ciliary loss, increased inflammation, and decreased density of the glandular acini.

The observation that cyclin D1 overexpression, p16 loss and pRb inactivation were largely found in NSCLCs suggests that they play an important role in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Also, their inverse or positive correlations indicate that the G(1)/S cell cycle proteins may act alternatively or synergistically on the mechanisms by which tumor cells escape the G(1) restriction point. Finally, their solitary or combined actions might have a long-term effect on the survival.