No abstract

PurposeTo analyze the associations of retinal and choroidal thickness on enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) with clinical, ophthalmic and genetic factors in the normal elderly population (aged 65 years or older).MethodsIn this prospective, population-based cohort study, people aged 65 years or older were enrolled in the baseline study of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA) Eye Study. All participants underwent spectral domain-OCT scan using the EDI technique. A topographic map of the retina was obtained and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured manually. Blood samples from all subjects were genotyped for major age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) the major AMD-associated SNPs; CFH Y402H rs1061170, CFH I62V rs800292, ARMS2 A69S rs10490924. A statistical analysis was conducted to compare the retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and AMD risk genotypes.ResultsAmong the three hundred eighty people enrolled, the mean age was 76.6 years (range 65–99 years). Factors that showed correlation with either tomographic retinal parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer, or SFCT, were age and gender. Significant age-related decrease in thickness was observed in the RNFL, mean central thickness (MCT) and SFCT. Gender differences existed in central foveolar thickness (CFT) and MCT, where it was thicker in men. While chorioretinal parameters were not related with other genotypes, CFH rs1061170 risk genotype was significantly associated with thin SFCT. The group containing the AMD- risk allele (CT) had a 14.7% reduction in the SFCT compared to the non-risk TT group.ConclusionsIn addition to the well-known association with AMD, CFH rs1061170 is a significant genetic risk factor associated with choroidal thinning in normal eyes of the elderly population. Such findings may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration as well as normal aging. In addition, our study provides the first normative data on retinal and choroidal thickness in population-based aged groups with a mean age over seventy-five.

Purpose: To study the association between the risk of massive submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and polyp regression after initial treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using long-term follow-up data. Methods: Retrospective study of 223 patients who were diagnosed with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and were followed up for up to 11 years. Subjects were categorized into “regression” and “no regression” groups, according to their polyp status after the initial treatment. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed on development of massive SMH. The association between treatment methods and the occurrence of massive SMH was also analyzed. Results: The incidence rates of massive SMH at 3, 6, and 9 years in the “no regression” group were 6.50, 22.59, and 38.03%, respectively, and in the “regression” group were 1.14, 6.47, and 10.92%, respectively (P = 0.005, log-rank test). The hazard ratio of massive SMH was 3.677 for cluster-type polyps and 0.271 for polyp regression after initial treatment. A higher rate of polyp regression was associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) than anti-VEGF monotherapy (64.4 vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001). Additional anti-VEGF treatments after initial PDT showed lower risk of massive SMH than PDT only. (9.5 vs 38.5%, P = 0.005). Conclusion: The long-term risk of massive SMH after initial treatment on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy is significantly higher in eyes with persistent polyps than those with regressed polyps. Ophthalmologists should pay attention to the risk of massive SMH and the polyp status when treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.