Incidence Rate of Massive Submacular Hemorrhage and its Risk Factors in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

Long‐term visual outcomes for treatment of submacular haemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

“…Subretinal fibrosis and disciform scar formation can result in permanent visual loss. Patients with SMH experience a worse final visual outcome than those without …”

“…Patients with SMH experience a worse final visual outcome than those without. 8 Early treatment is necessary to achieve resolution of SMH, and common strategies include intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, pneumatic displacement (PD), trans pars plana vitrectomy (TPPV) and other methods either alone or in combination. However, there is no consensus on the optimal management, especially with regards to long-term outcomes.…”

New Paradigms in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Management: The Impact of Recent Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trials

“…Polyps that remain patent may bleed or leak, which results in worsening of VA. 13 In addition, some cases may develop large subretinal hemorrhages ( Figure 2), often termed as "massive submacular hemorrhage," which may be associated with a poor prognosis and result in significant visual loss. [13][14][15]…”

Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

“…After the initial diagnosis of PCV, the incidence of massive SMH is 2.5% after 1 year and 30% after 10 years. (138) SMH can cause irreversible damage through iron-toxicity, shear stress of photoreceptors by fibrin clots, and separation of photoreceptors from RPE. (139–145) Without treatment, only 11% of eyes have been found to have a BCVA better than 20/200 after 2 years.…”