Since the industrial revolution, anthropogenic lead (Pb) emissions from coal burning and leaded-gasoline combustion have overwhelmed the distribution of Pb within the Earth's surface environment (McConnell et al., 2014;Nriagu, 1989), including the ocean (Boyle et al., 2014). Anthropogenic Pb in the ocean varies over time and space as a result of evolving anthropogenic Pb emissions (Alleman et al., 1999;Weiss et al., 2003). However, Pb concentrations in the open ocean have not been high enough to cause adverse effects on marine life. Spatio-temporal changes of the Pb concentration and Pb isotopic compositions in the ocean are essential for various purposes, including deciphering the regional scale's anthropogenic emissions from areas far away from the sources; providing contexts for interpreting the recent geographical distribution of Pb across various environments; and providing reference points for investigating ocean metal transport and reactivity.

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