The functional orientation of agricultural primary schools in China has not been “rewritten” under the Rural Revitalization Strategy but has been given new connotation and new requirements. With the help of qualitative research design, taking three representative agricultural primary schools as the research field, a semistructured interview was conducted with 12 teachers engaged in management, teaching, and scientific research. According to the analysis of NVivo data, the Rural Revitalization Strategy promotes the expansion of agricultural primary schools in the four functional areas of teaching, scientific research, social services and cultural inheritance, and innovation, that is, to provide the “three rural” identity and value construction of agricultural primary school students under the curriculum reform; build first-class disciplines and first-class research and become the booster of Rural Revitalization; create a “decent” campus culture for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; and cultivate new talents with morality, feelings, knowledge and ability.