The review of blood optical and rheological parameters plays an important role in many medical routine diagnosis and therapeutic applications and is the best way to understand the mechanism of action of low-level laser irradiation on biological tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effect of laser radiation on platelet count and aggregation. Blood samples were obtained from 30 healthy volunteers; each sample was divided into four aliquots, one of them was considered as a control while the other three were exposed to three different laser doses. A wavelength of 532 nm and a low power of 100 mW were used for irradiation with a 4-mm-diameter beam spot. The irradiation times were 1.8, 3.7, and 6.2 s giving doses of irradiation 1.5, 3, and 5 J/cm, respectively. Microsoft Excel was used for statistical analysis. Low laser irradiation induced significant changes in platelet aggregation in the presence of weak agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P ≤ 0.05) and epinephrine (P ≤ 0.01). Low-level laser therapy has no influence on platelet count; however, it promotes platelet aggregation in response to weak agonists, specifically ADP and epinephrine.

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Examining and comparing the image quality of degenerative cervical spine diseases through the application of three MRI sequences; the Two-Dimension T2 Weighed Turbo Spin Echo (2D T2W TSE), the Three-Dimension T2 Weighted Turbo Spin Echo (3D T2W TSE), and the T2 Turbo Field Echo (T2_TFE). Thirty-three patients who were diagnosed as having degenerative cervical spine diseases were involved in this study. Their age range was 40-60 years old. The images were produced via a 1.5 Tesla MRI device using (2D T2W TSE, 3D T2W TSE, and T2_TFE) sequences in the sagittal plane. The image quality was examined by objective and subjective assessments. The MRI image characteristics of the cervical spines (C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7) showed significant differences among the three sequences used P˂0.05 with the exception of the contrast P˃ 0.05. For the cervical spines (C4-C5), the minimum CNR was noticed with the T2_TFE sequence. For the cervical spines (C5-C6), the CNR and SNR were higher when they were assessed by the 2D T2W TSE sequence as compared to the other sequences. The same findings were observed with the cervical spines (C6-C7). The subjective assessment of the degenerative cervical spine diseases showed that the T2_TFE sequence is excellent in terms of viewing the central stenosis and foraminal stenosis. The best MRI diagnostic imaging can be obtained using the Turbo Field Echo (T2_TFE) and the Three-Dimension T2 Weighted Turbo Spin Echo (3D T2W TSE) sequences to gain detailed diagnostic information regarding the central stenosis and foraminal stenosis of the cervical spines (C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7)

Objective: The effect of obesity on MRI image quality of the cervical spine is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the image quality for the degenerative diseases of obese patients by using the three-dimensional T2 weighted Turbo Spin Echo (3DT2W TSE) MRI sequence. Patients and Method: Thirty-five patients have been diagnosed with cervical spine degenerative complications. The patients were divided into two groups according to their BMI, the obese and non-obese. The MRI examinations were performed by using 3DT2W TSE sequence which was produced by a 1.5 Tesla Philips scanner MRI device to generate images for the cervical spines (C5-C6, C6-C7). The signal intensities were measured by using the region of interest (ROI) in two tissues being compared. Results: A significant difference was found in the MR image contrast between the obese and non-obese patients (P˂ 0.03) for (C5-C6, C6-C7) and the same result was found specifically with (C6-C7), where (P˂ 0.04). While the other physical measurements were not significantly differed between the two groups. Conclusion: Using of 3DT2W TSE MRI sequence is efficient for the imaging of the cervical spine’s complications of the obese patients.