As Nepal is agriculture based country, 65% of people are engaged in agriculture Nepal. Moreover, the contribution of livestock to national GDP is significant. In this regard, an attempt has been made to review the prevailing situation of goat farming and various socio economic dynamics related to goat farming in Nepal. Various reports revealed the importance of livestock and furthermore small ruminants have situational advantages in context of rural areas of Nepal where many farmers are poor to afford bigger animals. Moreover, internal and international migration is worsening the availability of male youths which is further explaining the suitability of small ruminants in our context. Goat is the most popular small ruminant which can be handled by women and children in absence of young male members. It not only provides employment to the rural poor, it also acts as a security against the crop failure and has religious importance. Since supply is far behind the demand which is fulfilled through import, sufficient effort is necessary to increase the goat production in order to reduce the import and improve trade deficit of the country.

Second language acquisition (SLA) generates and tests the theories concerning the acquisition of languages other than first language (L1) in different contexts. Even if SLA is a nascent discipline, its history is remarkable and helpful to seek the answers to the questions that researchers are raising in the field of second language or foreign language. Based on this context, this article aims to recount the history of the burgeoning discipline that heavily draws from numerous disciplines like linguistics, psychology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and so on. To achieve the objective, document analysis method has been used. The analysis and interpretation of the available documents exhibit that the traces of SLA were observed in the studies that address the issue of language transfer. Specifically, the diachronic study proves that the development of the discipline has undergone three evolving phases like background, formative, and developmental. The background phase caters for behaviourism, contrastive analysis hypothesis, and the attacks on the fundamental premises of behaviourism. The formative phase deals with Chomsky’s revolutionary steps, error analysis, interlanguane theory, morpheme order studies, and the Krashen’s monitor model that opened up the avenues for further studies of SLA. The developmental phase recounts various studies that have consolidated SLA as a separate discipline.

Teachers play a key role to proliferate the educational system as they are at the implementation level of educational acts, rules and regulations. Their traits are at a flux because of temporal and contextual variations encountered in different settings. This context led this study to explore teacher traits in real classroom practices. To achieve this goal, phenomenological research design, as a type of qualitative inquiry, has been adopted. The population of the study comprised the stakeholders of Bachelor of Mountain Tourism Management (BMTM) programme conducted in Janapriya Multiple Campus, Pokhara. The tool for collecting information was non-participant class observation, in which three classes were observed. The results of the study reveal that teacher traits can be measured by triad roles like professional, administrative, and social dimensions. The study implies that teachers should be aware of these triad roles; and the current pedagogical trends and practices.

The article aims to explore and categorize culture-specific terms (CSTs) in Bhattarai’s novel Muglan, investigate and analyze the strategies applied in the translated version, assess the strategies for plausibility and evaluate gaps in translation. The data for the study were collected from Nepali and English versions of the novel. The basic technique for collecting data was the observation, which was done by using a checklist. The selection of the 220 cultural terms from the novel was done by applying a purposive sampling procedure. They were investigated in terms of five categories and seven strategies. The major finding of the research was that the terms, categorized into five types, employed seven strategies. The most frequent strategy was the translation by cultural substitution, followed by loan word (plus explanation), neutral word and general word. The subsequent strategies were translation by paraphrase (related words), paraphrase (unrelated words) and omission. Moreover, not specific but different reasons were found in the selection and use of the strategies. Finally, the study found that cultural references necessitate the use of appropriate strategies for transferring them across languages.

Proverbs are witty, pithy, and epigrammatic expressions. They are idiosyncratic, being based on a specific culture. As cultural translation is difficult, translation of proverbs is not easy. Yet, translation practices on such genre have been appearing. In such a scenario, some such practices are found in the domain of Nepali into English translations. In this background, the present study aims at reviewing the available models for translating proverbs and recommending one, which can be used for translating Nepali proverbs into English. To achieve the objectives, I collected twenty proverbs purposively from Lall (1991) and Sharma (2000), primarily because I could deal only with twenty in a short period and limited space. By way of qualitative analysis and interpretation and by testing Wilson's (2009) model, I have concluded that the model is applicable for the purpose.