Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term, characterized by symptoms involving muscles of mastication, TMJ and orofacial structures resulting from a dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) which considered the major cause of non-dental facial pain, involve a wide range of symptoms in masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Diagnosis is usually delayed due to the multifactorial etiology, and the lack of assessment devices and parameters. The Low-Level Laser LLLT is a noninvasive, quick and safe, non-pharmaceutical intervention that may be beneficial for patients with TMDs. However, the clinical efficiency of LLLT in the treatment of this kind of disorders is controversial. Low-level laser is considered a phototherapeutic alternative method, like the low-level laser, as an effective source for stimulating the anti-pain signals in the tissues due to their low-level waves and energies. The low-level lasers might cause the increased beta-endorphin content, decreased both bradykinin and histamine levels, and increased lymphatic flow to decreased inflammatory factors and the decreased pain-related factors. Conclusion: This review suggests that LLLT effectively relieves pain and improves functional outcomes in patients with TMD.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds in children are frequent with TMJ disorder. In addition to many different findings are designed to assess the relationship between ear pain and TMJ sound with bruxism in children. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the possible relationship between ear pain and joint sound with bruxism in children. Subjects and Methods: The sample comprised 60 schoolchildren participants between 6 to 10 years of age, of whom 30 children with bruxism as study group G1 and another 30 without bruxism as a control group G2 who were scheduled and randomly selected for this study. Examiner performed assessment who was blinded allocation of the groups. Three readings were performed on each participant. The assessment involved (manual palpation, lateral and dorsal extra-auricular auscultation of TMJ by stethoscope for detecting joint sounds, differentiating between joint sounds) Collected data were checked, entered, and statistically analyzed to test different variables by chi-square test with the level of significance (p< 0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant association between joint sounds regarding bruxism and age, which showed that higher prevalence rates of joint sounds were found in children aged eight to ten years in comparison to those aged six and seven years. However, there was a statistically insignificant association between joint sounds and type in relation to gender and ear pain. Conclusion: The bruxism in children may be associated with the symptoms of joint sounds with the significant association regarding age but insignificant with ear pain.