Cardiovascular risk factors were significantly higher among younger type 2 diabetics (<60 years), particularly females.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an insidious disorder that may progress asymptomatically, leading to secondary complications. Diabetics were found to have a significantly lower zinc level. This study aims to assess the effects of zinc supplementation for eight weeks on glycemic control, serum insulin level, serum C-peptide level, and insulin resistance. Zinc plus metformin using group had a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, as well as a significant increase in serum insulin and C-peptide levels, but no effect on insulin resistance compared to zinc-free metformin group. Comparing the two groups at the end of the study, the combined effect of zinc plus metformin was highly important versus metformin only except for C-peptide and insulin resistance. Zinc levels were significantly elevated and returned to normal in the interventional group, while in the control group, levels were rather decreased.

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Objective:To determine the seasonal variation of glycemic level among diabetic patients in Mosul, and to define the seasons where blood glucose may surge or decline. Patients and methods: An observational retrospective case series study of seven hundred HbA 1c % results pertaining to 653 randomly enrolled type 2 (96%), and type 1 (4%) diabetic patients which were collected over 28 consecutive months. The HbA 1c % mean of each month separately, and the HbA 1c % means of the months whose HbA 1c reflects the glycemic control of the preceding season were estimated, plotted, and statistically compared. Results: The monthly HbA 1c % means throughout the study period comprised a sinusoidal curve with higher values between early spring (March) to early summer (June) and lower values between early autumn (September) to early winter (January) of each year. Throughout the study period, the mean HbA 1c % of all early springs (8.87% ± 1.57% SD) was the maximal, while the mean HbA 1c % of all early autumns (7.81% ± 0.94% SD) was the minimal. Conclusion: Glycemic levels among diabetic patients in Mosul, as reflected by early spring's peak, and early autumn's trough of HbA 1c %, are highest during winter and lowest during summer.