An energy efficient technology and a method for the production of foam concrete products have been developed. They involve the use of solar energy in the process in order to reduce energy consumption for heat treatment, which allows to produce high-quality products with a low production cost with a daily production cycle.The technical and economic evaluation of the developed solar technology shows that during the hot season up to 95% of the heat energy needed to intensify the hardening of the foam concrete is provided by a renewable energy source. The annual replacement of organic fuels with solar energy, considering the winter period of the year, is up to 65%. The annual economic effect in the oil equivalent of the use of this solar technology in enterprises located in regions with favorable weather and climate conditions, with a productivity of 20 thousand m3/year is up to 85 tons.The use of solar technology to ensure accelerated hardening of foam concrete products makes it possible to make production highly efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly. It meets modern requirements for saving organic fuels and reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere.The energy efficiency of a yearly solar thermal treatment consists of high heat-absorbing and heat-insulating ability of helio-coatings, helio-chambers, and controlling the expenses of the heat source. As a result, energy savings in the winter months are 15-35%, in summer - 70-100%, and the average annual energy savings are in the range from 50 to 75% depending on the class of concrete and the thickness of products.
The article illustrates the possibility of producing products from foam concrete by using effective components and the intensification of solar heating by soft modes, which allows to obtain high-quality material and organize energy-efficient and environmentally friendly production. Solar technology in the production of foam concrete – a new method of heat treatment, which is highly environmentally friendly and safe.
In modern construction, glued wood is used mainly by Scandinavian countries, Canada, the USA and Russia. It is rational to use glued wood not only in low-rise housing construction, but also as supporting and protecting structures of large-span public buildings. Large-span glued wooden structures have become popular in modern construction and are widely used for public buildings with spans of 18 meters or more. In the practice of building Western countries with significant reserves of wood, sports facilities, exhibition halls, cinemas and other entertainment buildings are being built from glued wood. According to the condition of transportation, a lengthy beam, frame or truss must be made of two or three elements, and then connected at the construction site into a single structure. The use of mechanical fasteners in the form of bolts is not always possible due to significant compliance, including due to thermal expansion of the metal in a harshly continental climate, for example, in Kazakhstan and under fire safety conditions, when metal parts quickly lose their bearing capacity. Significant deformations occurring in the nodes can cause a redistribution of forces in the elements and as a result lead to the destruction of the structure. To create a durable rigid joint of glued wood constructions, the joints on the reinforcing rods glued under the inclinations to the fibers are used, which, as practice shows, ensure high reliability, durability and low compliance. This article discusses the technology of gluing reinforcing rods into wood to solve large-span structures and their welding. On the basis of experimental scientific studies, the sequence of the necessary technological processes for obtaining a durable, reliable and high-quality glue joint between the rod and wood and the possibility of welding the reinforcing rods glued to the wood with a connecting piece are shown. In this study, various variants of the joints of maple structures, where it is possible to use the welding of its elements, are carried out.
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