Abstract. The huge quantity of water consumed per car during washing cars yields the untreated effluents discharged to the stormwater system. Wastewater samples from snow car wash and two full hand service car wash station were analyzed for pH and the presence of PO4 3-,TP, O&G, alkalinity, TSS, NO3 -, NO2 -, COD and surfactant in accordance Standard Method of Water and Wastewater 2012. Two full hand wash service stations and one station of snow foam service were investigated in this study. Amongst the stations, snow foam car wash station indicates the highest concentration of PO4 3-, TP, O&G, TSS, COD and surfactant with the average value of 10.18 ± 0.87 mg/L, 30.93 ± 0.31 mg/L , 85.00 ± 0.64 mg/L 325.0 ± 0.6 mg/L, 485.0 ± 0.3 mg/L and 54.00 ± 2.50 mg/L as MBAS, respectively. Whereas, in parameters characterization in different stages throughout the car wash process, O&G was found to be the highest in pre soak stage, PO4 3-, TP, TSS and COD in washing stage and NO3 -and NO2 -in rinse stage. All parameters were compared to Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations, 2009. There is a strong need to study on the characterization of car wash water in order to suggest the suitable treatment need for this type of wastewater.

The pollution of water with heavy metals has been a great concern due to their toxic nature and adverse effect. Various techniques were employed to remove heavy metal namely physical, chemical, and biological treatment. Biosorption is one of the biological treatment that has emerged as a new technology for the removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions which is more environmental friendly. Biosorption using Tilapia fish scale was studied with the intention to remove zinc, plumbum, and ferum ions from synthetic wastewater. The optimum adsorption capacities of fish scale was investigated under several condition namely, pH, biosorbent dosage, initial heavy metals concentration, and contact time while final concentration was obtained by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass (ICP-MS). The results revealed that 92.3% of zinc, 89.33% of plumbum, and 64.2% of ferum able to be sequestered under best adsorption conditions. The maximum percentage removals were observed at pH 6, 5.5, 4.5 and dosage 0.02 g, 0.001 g, 0.8 g at concentration 10 ppb, 0.3 ppb, 300 ppb for zinc, plumbum, and ferum ions, respectively. Maximum removal achieved at 3 hours contact time for ferum and zinc while 2 hours for plumbum. The results indicate that Tilapia fish scale is a promising method in removing ferum, zinc, and plumbum ions from aqueous solution.

No abstract

Abstract.A study of water quality and heavy metal content in Sembrong Dam water was conducted from April -August 2015. A total of 12 water quality parameters and 6 heavy metals were measured and classified based on the Interim National Water Quality Standard of Malaysia (INWQS). The measured and analyzed parameter variables were divided into three main categories which include physical, chemical and heavy metal contents. Physical and chemical parameter variables were temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, pH, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, conductivity and salinity. The heavy metals measured were copper (Cu), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), ferum (Fe) and zinc (Zn). According to INWQS, the water salinity, conductivity, BOD, TSS and nitrate level fall under Class I, while the Ph, DO and turbidity lie under Class IIA. Furthermore, values of COD and ammonium were classified under Class III. The result also indicates that the Sembrong Dam water are not polluted with heavy metals since all heavy metal readings recorded were falls far below Class I.

Abstract. The wastewater contain high concentrations of inorganic and organic pollutant and that could be toxic to aquatic life and may lead to toxic environment of the water bodies. The poolutants able to accumulate in living tissues, causing various illnesses. In this study, parameters that affected the removal of heavy metals, ammonia (NH 4 -N) and chlorophyll-a were investigated in a synthetic water of mixed metals, NH 4 -N, and alga synthetic solution. The removal was strongly affected by pH by using activated carbon cassava peel (CPAC) and Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) as media For CPAC, optimum condition for removing heavy metals, NH 4 -N and chlorophyll-a can be achieved at pH 7.5 where removal up to 95% for heavy metals, 49.2% for NH 4 -N and 56.8% for chlorophylla. While for EAFS, the optimum condition for removing heavy metals, NH 4 -N and chlorophyll-a can be achieved at pH 7.5 where removal up to 93% for heavy metals, 77.7% for NH 4 -N and 80.7% for chlorophyll-a. In order to obtain the maximum removal of heavy metals, NH 4 -N and chlorophyll-a, two conditions obtaining CPAC and EAFS were considered. The optimum condition for removing heavy metals, NH 4 -N and chlorophyll-a by 1/3 CPAC + 2/3 EAFS was pH 7.5 as well where removal up to 95% for heavy metals, 86.2% for NH 4 -N and 90.9% for chlorophylla. By using 1/3 EAFS + 2/3 CPAC, the optimum removal of heavy metals, NH 4 -N and chlorophyll-a was at pH 7.5 where removal up to 96% for heavy metals, 80.7% for NH 4 -N and 86.4% for chlorophyll-a. This study highlighted that EAFS and CPAC peel are promising method in removing Zn, Al, Fe ions, NH 4 -N and chlorophyll-a from aqueous solution.