Background: Dental enamel was treated with laser irradiation and fluoride compounds as a method to enhance fluoride absorption by the enamel, which resulted in a rise in the mineral content of the enamel and a significant boost in its resistance to acid demineralization. Objective: The purpose of this research was to look into the effects of Titanium tetra Fluoride (TiF4) with or without diode laser on the demineralized enamel. Material and methods:The sample consisted of 65 premolars teeth: 5 teeth remained sound for energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis where 60 teeth were divided into 6 groups by treatment (N=10): (1) control negative (deionized water), (2) control positive (acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF)), (3) 6% Titanium tetra fluoride (TiF4) solution, (4) diode laser (810 nm, 0.5W, 60 s), (5) Laser then TiF4, and (6) Tif4 then Laser. Microhardness was measured before and after demineralization then after treatments. Five samples from each group were selected randomly for EDS analysis. Results: Microhardness increased significantly after all treatments (p<0.05). Results revealed a significant difference for all treatment groups (p<0.05). EDS analysis revealed that fluoride content was greater in 6%TIF4 then Tif4 with Laser groups, while the calcium content was greater in control positive followed by TiF4 groups. Conclusion: TiF4 alone or in combination with laser enhancing demineralized enamel microhardness and fluoride content. Diode laser before or after TiF4 had minimal extra impact on remineralization.

Background: The overproduction of thyroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Increased susceptibility to caries and periodontal disease are two potential oral symptoms. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed to significantly increased in the hyperthyroid group. According to multiple research, IL-6 dysregulation has been linked to a number of oral disorders, including periodontal diseases. The study aimed to evaluate periodontal health status in relation to IL6 among hyperthyroidism patients. Subjects and Methods: The sample was composed of 90 female patients aged 25-45 years attending endocrine disorder center in al-Najaf Governorate/Iraq which include hyperthyroid group and healthy group, the hyperthyroid patients were diagnosed by specialist and under treatment with carbimazole. The clinical examination of periodontal health status assessment was performed according to WHO (2013) in addition to evaluation the Plaque and gingival condition. The Saliva was collected to evaluate IL-6 concentrations. Results: Found that the plaque index (PLI) in the study group is more than the control with a significant difference (P<0.05). The gingival index (GI) in the study is more than the control but with no significant difference (P>0.05). Both periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) are higher in the study group than in the control group, with a significant difference. IL-6 is higher in the study group than in control with a significant difference. There is a positive non-significant correlation between PPD and CAL with IL-6 in hyperthyroid patients Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that individuals with hyperthyroidism are at risk for periodontal disease; these patients have high levels of both periodontal disease and IL6.