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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting huge number of people worldwide. Despite the availability of large numbers of drugs in the market to treat the disease, there is still a need for new sources to deal with the problem and avoid side effects. In the pursuit of discovering safer and more effective anti-diabetic drugs, herbal and folk medicine drugs from regions all over the world have captured researchers’ interest. Middle Eastern and North African medicinal plants contain a variety of pharmacologically active components that have shown to possess promising anti-diabetic potential. However, few data have been reported about medicinal plants from these regions in comparison to plants from other regions. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants from the MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) region, their role in controlling DM, and suggested mechanisms for the anti-diabetic activity of some medicinal plants are discussed in this review. Many of these plants have not been fully investigated and characterized, yet they have great potential for further development as anti-diabetic drugs.

Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Available treatments are mainly thrombolytic agents for restoring blood flow to the brain. However, this approach has a very narrow treatment window. Despite extensive research, there is still a need for further investigations to identify and develop novel treatment approaches. The present review aimed to summarize and discuss evidence from the literature regarding the best models with which to study cerebral ischemia and the available herbal sources that may provide potential treatment strategies for cerebral ischemia. The present review was based on research published between 1990 and 2020. Herbal remedies provide a promising research area that warrants further attention from researchers in the field. Different models have been used to investigate the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and to examine various treatment approaches. The plant kingdom is rich in various phytochemicals with neuroprotective functions. From the literature search performed herein, it can be concluded that middle cerebral and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion models are the most convenient, cost-effective and easily reproducible models. A number of plants, particularly those from Southeast Asia, have used for cerebral ischemia research; however, many more need to be investigated, particularly plants from Africa.

The calculation of chargino-nutralino pair production at the LHC with √s = 14 TeV had been studied. Different benchmark points are evaluated for the chargino-nutralino pair production using MSSM for four conditions on mass parameters. The results were compared with the latest data recorded by the LHC at √(s) = 8, 13, 14 TeV for pp collisions. In the minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM (MSSM) the mass parameters for the bino, wino, and higgsino states represented by M1, M2, and µ. Our results depend on the nature of the chargino-nutralino pair production and its masses. In case of light higgsino like sleptons the total cross section produced at small x, while for gauginos like s-quarks produced at large x due to the fact that gaugino constrained by CMS and ATLAS as heavier than 1 TeV. Assuming that the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) x _1^0 is stable with R-parity conservation, it is a well-motivated to viable dark-matter candidate. Two scenarios of chargino-nutralino pair production are considered in this search. The first scenario Gaugino like with two conditions on the wino-bino and higgsino mass parameters [(M1 < M2 < µ) and (M1 < M2 < −µ)]. The second scenario Higgsino like with two conditions on the wino-bino and higgsino mass parameters [(M1 < −µ < M2) and (−µ < M1 < M2)]. Also, the effect of the sign and value of µ on the total cross sections for higgsinos and gauginos was represented.