Nadezhda Zhilinskaia E-mail: jilinskie@mail.ru Introduction. The purpose of research -to evaluate the possibility of using the methods of computer morphometry and bioinformatic analysis in studying of reactive changes in Fusarium spp. causing potato dry rot.Materials and methods. Tubers of "Nevski" potato with Fusarium contamination signs were selected. Three areas of the damaged tuber potatoes were studied: the epicenter of contaminated plant tissue; peripheral area of contamination; plant tissue outside of contamination epicenter. Morphological research and computer morphometry of fixed preparations of microorganisms stained by 1,0% methylene blue solution were made under magnification x 400, x 1000.Results and discussion. Macroconidium morphometric characteristics of Fusarium spp. (square, perimeter, length, number) were obtained by automatic image analyzer "Micros". The algorithm and the computer program based on morphometric analysis of Fusarium spp. macroconidium cells causing potato dry rot was created to study bioinformatic cell characteristics.The following information characteristics of fungal cells have been calculated: H -information entropy characterizing the real structural diversity; H max -the storage capacity characterizing the maximum structural time-diversity of biological system; R (%) -information redundancy coefficient characterizing the relative organization of biosystem.The Fusarium macroconidium cells have demonstrated low values of H (0,002) compared to H max (0,5). The values of R in Fusarium cells were 99,40% -99,69% thus demonstrated a high degree of orderliness and relative organization in microbial cellss. Our research proves the maximum adaptation level of Fusarium cells as parasites in biocenosis with plant cells. It should be expected that in the case of the reaction of Fusarium cells on chemical or biological preparations the value of H should increase up to values of H max , and the value of R will decrease. It's may be occured as a result of disruption structural and functional integrity of Fusarium cell system.Conclusions. The method of bioinformatic analysis of Fusarium spp. cells causing potato dry rot can be recommended as a testing system in development of new plant protecting preparations.

No abstract

The use of industrial waste as the secondary raw materials is relevant all over the world. The rice sediment is a byproduct of the rice soft beverage industry. The rice mash was obtained by the rice sediment fermentation with α-amylase and ethanol yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The rice wort fermentation efficiency was estimated by rice mash ethanol concentration, the visible mass concentration of mash dry substances, mash acidity, total yeast number and yeast budding, yeast cell area. The most intensive fermentation was in the sample with α-amylase. On the 7th day of fermentation, the alcohol concentration in this sample was 5.28volume (%), which is 5 times more than in the sample without α-amylase. Digital morphometric characteristics of yeast correlated with actual fermentation parameters, reflecting yeast adaptive reactions at various ethanol technological stages. The rice mash can be used in the rectification process to obtain new products - ethanol distillate or bioethanol. New methods and expanding technologies for biotechnological rice sediment recycling are required in this field of research.

The aim of the research is to measure thiol compounds as well as glycogen content in yeast cells of different sizes during long-term storage at low temperature. The size, SH-groups and glycogen content changes in the S. cerevisiae cells were studied over the period of 35 days storage at 0±5 °C. The new morphometric method used has showed that the total amount of cells and number of large cells (7-8 × 12-15 µm) remained unchanged when compared with control under model conditions; the number of budding yeasts decreased 4 times, and the number of dead cells increased 2 times during the storage period. The number of middle size cells (5-7 × 10-12 µm) decreased 1.2 times, while the number of small cells (4-5 × 7-9 µm) increased 9.5 times. Under the same conditions the quantity of low molecular SH-groups increased 2 times, while protein-containing SH-groups dropped down by 31%. The content of glycogen decreased 1.2 times. The results elaborated revealed that generally yeasts under unfavorable conditions lose the deposition nutrients such as glycogen and store up the adaptive SH-containing substances. The cells of a large size probably have more high adaptation capacity to long-term storage at low temperature and in the absence of a nutrient medium. The rising amount of small cells and of low molecular SH-groups evidently indicates the development of adaptation state in the yeast population. Future investigations have to find out the range correlations between morphologic parameters of yeast cells and the content of biochemical substances.