Citrus pectin (CP), a polysaccharide composed of [→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→]n, was submitted to one or four carboxy-reduction cycles, resulting in CP-CR1 and CP-CR4, which had 40% and 2% of GalpA units, respectively. The polysaccharides were chemically sulfated and their anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects determined. Sulfated polysaccharides (CP-S, CP-CR1S and CP-CR4S) had different anticoagulant activities, doubling APTT at concentrations of 28.7, 13.2, and 4.9 μg/ml respectively. CP-CR1S and CP-CR4S also showed antithrombotic activity in vivo with ED50 of 3.01 and 1.70 mg/kg, respectively. Like heparin, they inhibited thrombin by a mechanism dependent on AT and HCII. Their hemorrhagic potential was also similar to that of heparin. According to methylation analysis, 91.1% and 50.2% of 6-O-position in CP-CR4S and CP-CR1S were sulfated, respectively. Therefore, substitution of carboxyl groups by sulfate esters in these polysaccharides increases the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects.
A macadâmia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betch) é uma noz considerada nobre pelo seu custo relativamente alto e suas possíveis propriedades funcionais relacionadas à redução dos riscos de doenças cardiovasculares. Além disso, este grão apresenta importância na indústria farmacêutica, pois, o óleo extraído da noz, é de grande valia no desenvolvimento de cremes hidratantes e shampoos, já que tem afinidade com as proteínas da pele e dos cabelos. Com o objetivo de se conhecer e comparar com dados da literatura foram realizadas análises baseadas em métodos de referência. Os resultados foram obtidos com base em uma porção de 15g, que equivale à medida caseira de uma colher de sopa. A investigação da umidade teve como resultado 1,10g, valor não condizente com a literatura. Já os resultados de proteínas (1,40g), lipídeos (10,56g), carboidratos (1,10g), fibras (0,68g), minerais (0,16g) e em kcal (105,01) em um total de 15g de amostra foram muito próximos aos valores encontrados na literatura.
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