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Nowadays, there are increasingly stringent regulations requiring more and more treatment of industrial effluents to generate product waters which could be easily reused or disposed of to the environment without any harmful effects. In the present work, the removal of phenol from aqueous solution across polymer inclusion membrane (PIM), based on mixture of cellulose triacetate and cellulose acetate as support (75/25%), calix[4]resorcinarene derivative as a carrier and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE) as plasticizer was investigated. The experimental part of this investigation involved the influence of carrier nature, plasticizer concentration, pH phases, and phenol initial concentration on the removal efficiency of phenol from synthetic wastewater. A PIM containing 0.1 g (of mixture polymer), (0.15 g/g mixture of polymer) of carrier and (0.03 ml/g mixture of polymer) of 2-NPOE provided the highest percentage of phenol removal efficiency over a 6-day transport; the removal was found to be about 95%, indeed the removal was found to be highly dependent of pH phases. The feed solution in these transport experiments was at pH 2, while the stripping solution contained 0.20 M NaOH. This study claims that the PIM with a mixture of cellulose derivatives can be used effectively to remove phenols from wastewaters.

The polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing Cellulose triacetate as polymer base, 2-NPOE as a plasticizer, and Calix[4]resorcinarene (RC8) as a carrier were prepared and characterized. Microstructure and surface of PIMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, FTIR, UV/vis spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively. In order to obtain information on the composition and interactions that may manifest between the constituents of the membrane. The PIMs were applied in the elimination of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from model solution as synthetic aqueous wastewater. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters such as internal and external PIMs environment on the transport performance of MB were also investigated. The results confirming that the content of the carrier and plasticizer in the membrane had a significant impact on the property of PIMs. The transport of dye was in line with the first-order kinetics equation. The highest flux value "8.88 × 10–7 mol.m−2 s−1" was obtained with a calix [4] resorcinarene as a transporter in polymer inclusion membrane at pH 11 in the feed and 0.3 M HCl in the stripping phase when MB initial concentration was 100 mg/L. The membrane has better stability under optimum conditions and maximum transport was observed after 30 h of permeation time.

a b s t r a c tThis research work focuses on the transport of citric acid from aqueous solutions using a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). The PIM contains calix[4]resorcinarene as the carrier, mixture of cellulose triacetate and cellulose acetate (CA) as the base polymers, and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer. The transport percentage of citric acid was found to be dependent on various factors such as the concentration of the carrier and the plasticizer in the membrane phase, pH of the aqueous feed phase, and stirring speed. The corresponding stirring speed, pH of feed phase, the initial concentration of citric acid in feed phase, carrier content, and plasticizer were: 600 rpm, 2, 10-2 M, 0.15 g/g of support, and 0.03 mL, respectively. The 86% of citric acid was transported from feed phase to stripping phase in 5 d. This study shows that PIM composition has a great influence on citric acid recovery. It may be concluded that PIM with calix[4]resorcinarene (RC8) as the carrier can be successfully used for the extraction of citric acid from aqueous solutions.