In vitro growth responses of various lentil genotypes varied. The best callussing response was noticed in variety ILL-4605. The genotype AARI-L-89503 had a tendency for embryogenesis. The genotype AARI-L-86642 had the best rooting ability. This genotype also showed in vitro flowering response. Masoor-85 and Pant-L-406 had moderate morphogenic responses, Meristem multiplication, shoot development, shoot bud formation from callus and adventitious rooting from shoot cuttings was obtained under appropriate growth regulators combinations.

Citrus is the major fruit of Pakistan grown on 197,000 hectares which is 30.48% of total fruit area. The production is 1862,000 tonnes which is 29.35% of the total fruit production of which 95.0% Citrus is produced only in Punjab with the leading cultivar Kinnow mandarin grafted on rough lemon rootstock. However, the other scion varieties of mandarins, sweet oranges, sweet lime, lemon, sour/Kaghzi lime, grape fruit, pummelo, hybrid Citrus cultivars and various rootstocks are also grown in province Punjab. In 1999-2000, Pakistan exported kinnow worth 750 million rupees. Kinnow is juicy and has excellent flavour with the dominant drawback of more seeds which may be 34 as maximum including fully developed seeds and aborted ovules. Kinnow mandarin cultivar is no more a clone, but highly variable because of lack of quality control over proper scion bud wood selection and root stock uniformity by its various nursery producers. In an extensive survey of market fruits and Citrus orchards in Faisalabad, it was observed that Kinnow with a ring on fruit apex has reduced number of seeds (Fig. 1). The marker for seedlessness is selection of available natural mutation as a ridged structural ring at the apex of fruit. The ring is complete or as broken ring or appear as scars of a ring. The trees bearing fruits with apical ring are not frequent in orchards and the fruits have 5-20% probability of carrying less than 4 seeds. However on the same branches, the fruits without ring were also having 5% probability of less than 4 seeds per fruit. The probability of less number of seeds varies from tree to tree and from branch to branch. Also there is variation in number and size of aborted ovules. The selected bud wood carrying fruits with less than 4 seeds were grafted on rough lemon trees in Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad. Nucellar embryony of these fruits is being exploited at Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad. The micrografts of shoot apex of germinating embryos are grafted on decapitated rough lemon seedlings for obtaining somatic plants of individual cell lines having a desirable character of less than 4 seeds per fruit in a broad genetic base of Kinnow mandarin. The selection of fruit apical ring as a marker for reduced number of seeds from natural variability in Kinnow population is a break through in Kinnow mandarin breeding for seedless character. It is being reported for the first time in Pakistan.

Twenty Citrus cultivars were studied for various characteristics like fruit weight and diameter, ovule length, diameter and weight at the time of harvest for access of nucellus tissue for embryogenesis study in in vitro conditions. The maximum fruit weight, diameter, ovule weight, length and diameter was found in cultivar Shamber of Grape fruit which has minimum value of coefficient of nucellar regeneration (CNR). However, fruit characteristics studied have no relation with CNR values. Cultivars had variable behaviour for nucellar embryogenesis responses, perhaps they were studied in one medium MS+BA (0.5 mg/l)+5 mg/l glutamine. The nutritional requirement of nucellus for embryogenesis can be different for different cultivars. The maximum CNR value in control was of Kinnow and the minimum CNR value was of Shamber. In radiation doses 3 to 12 Kr, the maximum CNR value was of cultivar Foster in 6 Kr and the minimum CNR value was in 12 Kr of cultivar Tangerine. The CNR values were different with 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 Kr within the same cultivar and among different cultivars. There were depression in embryogenesis above 9 Kr.

Shoot apices of Masoor-85 seedlings (3-4 days old) induced proliferated callus masses under dark conditions, were induced to proliferate callus masses. The callus was induced under dark conditions in MS medium containing K (10 mg/l), GA (1 mg/l) with 5-10 percent lentil seed extract. The shoots were regenerated by transferring the callus culture in light. The shoots were cut and rooted to have plantlets that were finally grown in the field in winter season. These plants were Ro generation. The first selections were made from Ro and seeds were collected. These seeds were grown for R1 generation, whose seeds were selected for R2 generation and so on. Some selected variants were stable till AS generation and were called somaclonal. Variants for more pods and large seed were selected.

All the Thirteen sweet orange cultivars which were tested for nuclellus embryos in MS + BA (0.5 mg/I) + Glutamine 5 rrigil responded to embryogenesis. After two months culture period, the maximum (7.0) coefficient of nuclellar regeneration (CNR) was of cultivar Mosambi, which has minimum ovvule weight (0.11 cm) and the minimum CNR was of Moro blood (2.0). The fruit characteristics like fruit weight, diameter, ovule weight, length and diameter have no relations with CNR. The maximum values of CNR were in