Hospital waste is categorized as a very dangerous waste type as it possesses many pathogenic elements and it can cause harmful human health effects. This research shows the survey and field investigation conducted at government hospitals located in Faisalabad. The quantitative waste analysis showed that 55% non-infectious, 15% infectious, 25% bio-hazardous, 2% sharps and 3% chemical waste is generation in these hospitals. Few main hospitals have their own incinerator but still either they are not working efficiency or insufficient to handle waste. However, this paper deals with the design of incinerator for small scale hospitals. The proposed incinerator has three chambers: primary chamber (temperature range 500-7000c), secondary chamber (temperature range 700-900oc), and tertiary chamber (temperature range 900-12000c). Situation analysis confirmed the earlier view that a hospital waste management project should be implemented at this hospital and an intensive training programmed, at all levels, and is required to deal effectively with this problem.

The rapid growth of population and development of industrial field is contributing to massive waste pollution in which plastic waste is considered as most difficult waste to deal with due to its non-biodegradable nature. This lead to various impact on environment as well as all living things. Many of the waste produced due to human activity will remain in the environment for long period of time leading to various environmental problem. To overcome this problem a study is conducted in which plastic waste is effectively utilized with bitumen a binding material in construction of flexible pavements to enhance its stability and water resistant capacity. Cleaned plastic waste is shredded to a size of 2.76mm-4mm is mixed with hot bitumen mix and then this waste plastic added bitumen is mixed with hot aggregate and the end product is used as laying material for road construction. The objective of this study is to give an innovative idea for effective use of plastic waste and recommend a favorable percentage of plastic for replacement of bitumen. This paper also includes some tests performed on aggregate and bitumen.

Groundwater pollution is considered a major concern in today’s world. Most industries in Pakistan produce untreated wastewater, extracting from and contaminating a nearby water source and the soil. This study was conducted in the Nithar Ke area of Chiniot District to assess the impact of the flow of wastewater over the area on groundwater quality. It aimed to: (1) investigate the conditions of industrial wastewater; (2) study the spatial variability of different parameters in groundwater using a GIS map; and (3) check the appropriateness of groundwater for drinking purposes using the water quality index (WQI). Physical and chemical characteristics, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, TSS, CO3, HCO3, chlorides, alkalinity, total hardness, Ca, Mg, arsenic, copper, chromium, nickel, iron, manganese, and sulfate, were tested using groundwater samples, and variance in groundwater was analyzed using a GIS (geographic information system). The water quality index (WQI) was developed for the Nithar Ke area to determine the appropriateness of the groundwater for drinking purposes. WQI values were determined within the range of 41 to 89.5, which showed a poor to good water quality. It was discovered that parameters such as BOD, COD, iron, and TDS had average concentrations of 192 mg/L, 264 mg/L, 2.62 mg/L, and 6039 mg/L, respectively, in the polluted water, which exceeded the permissible limit. Iron and manganese were the most common contaminants found in that area. The biplot and correlation circle showed that iron and turbidity had a positive relationship. Further study on soil stratification and soil characteristics is recommended in this area for a detailed analysis of the causes of metal contamination.

Bioenergy is the most outstanding renewable source among other fuels that are non-renewable and running out. Globally, the main cause of the energy crisis is a scarcity of natural resources. In this respect, harnessing the abundant renewable sources for energy production can help to alleviate the crisis of energy. Developing countries needs an incessant supply of cheap and clean energy sources. Bioenergy production from biomass such as manure, agricultural residue, and municipal solid waste. it is economically feasible because organic substrates have high nutritive values for micro-organism (especially kitchen waste), high biodegradability rate, and high calorific values. This study has investigated the anaerobic co-digestion of wastewater sludge, Manure and kitchen waste for bio-energy production and analyzed the parameters which have significant effect on digestion process. This process has also decreased the excess of BOD, COD, N and P about 64.07%, 60.16%, 56.06% and 71.02% respectively which indicated the organic fraction utilized by microbes. Anaerobic co-digestion enhances biogas production when treating such wastes wastewater sludge, Manure and kitchen waste combined.