Background Since the detection of first corona virus infection in Bangladesh on 8th March, 2020, it has been spread to the whole country quickly. Though there is lack of proper treatment facility, diagnostic facility, lack of awareness, unwillingness of people to follow the social distance guideline and lack of other containment strategies, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection especially severe and symptomatic infection among people of Bangladesh specially among working people like garment workers, people living in slum areas and rural areas are low. Objectives The purpose of this research was to determine the sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody (IgG) among Bangladeshi garment workers. Methods A cross-sectional and observational research was conducted on 402 garment workers. (69.4% female; mean age = 28.9 ± 6.9 years) in Dhaka city. A semi-structured questionnaire including informed consent as well as, socio-demographics and COVID-19 infection related information, was used to conduct the survey. Blood samples of all participants were also collected to measure the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody (IgG). Serum level of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody (IgG) was assessed by Chemiluminescent immunoassay technique as per instruction of manufacturer. Results The prevalence of sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody (IgG) was 80.8% which was slightly higher among females compared to male but not significant (82.1% vs. 78.0%, p > 0.05). It was notable that no significant differences were obtained in other socio-demographic information (e.g., age, education, marital status, residence, and economic status). Conclusions The findings reflect that the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody (IgG) was prevalent among garment workers in Bangladesh. It may be due to the virus itself, genetic factor of virus, people and presence of preexisting immunity specially SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody due to previous cross infections with other corona viruses in Bangladesh.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs more in women than men. Escherichia coli are responsible in most cases. The microbial (Lactobacillus) species which inhabit in the vaginal tract, play an important role in the prevention of infection. Irrational use of antibiotics contributes to changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens. Hence, administration of probiotics exogenously may cause colonization of Lactobacillus in female urogenital organs.Objectives: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of UTI among women in Bangladesh.Methods: This interventional, prospective, non-randomized trial was conducted among women suffering from UTI in the department of Pharmacology and Gynecology of Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from January, 2019 to June, 2021. A total of 162 women who suffered from UTI were enrolled to receive probiotic, antibiotic, and probiotic + antibiotic treatments. Urine culture and sensitivity test of all participants was done during enrollment. Patients came for follow-up visits on day 30 of completion of therapy and the final study population was 132. Results: Among the 132 participants, the mean ages were 34.23±14.28 years (mean±SD). Average duration of UTI prior to enrollment was 77.61±288.59 days. 93.18% patients complaint burning sensation of urination, pain or pressure in the back or lower abdomen (67.42%) and fever (37.12%), respectively. During enrollment, urine R/M/E test revealed that most of the urine samples showed no growth of organisms (84.8%) and E. coli (09.85%). Most commonly used antibiotic was nitrofurantoin (43.33%), cefixime (18.88%), and ciprofloxacin (18.88%). During follow-up, urine sample culture revealed no growth of pathogenic organisms in 131 (99.24%) and E. coli in one patient who was treated with only probiotics.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the use of probiotics is effective and safe to treat UTI in women in Bangladesh.Trial registration number: CTRI/2020/05/025175, Date: 14.05.2020

Bangladesh's topography makes it particularly susceptible to climate change. To tackle the impending tragedy of climate change, infrastructural, institutional, and financial capacity of the country must be increased. People's perception of climate change varies greatly based on their social backgrounds. Thus, understanding public perceptions of climate change may help improve government policies, adaption, and community activities. To understand Bangladeshi people's knowledge, perception, and attitude about climate change, an online survey among the general population was conducted using a structured questionnaire methodology. The study participants are mostly from Dhaka (70.25%) and have a moderate level of education (79.75% undergraduate). Most of them have heard of climate change and acknowledge the negative effects of climate change. Over half of participants are willing to give up personal gains to help solve current climatic and environmental issues. The majority of them, however, don't consider environmental factors while purchasing things and have never participated in climate change-related environmental protection initiatives. In Bangladesh, the general public's knowledge, attitude, and perception of climate change varies considerably. While knowledge and perceptions are high, attitude towards climate change is quite different. Along with promoting awareness, people should be encouraged to participate in climate change-related activities.