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Objectives: Analysis of TMJ asymmetry in a sample of asymptomatic skeletal class I patients.Methods : This study was performed on one hundred patients requesting CBCT scans. All patients were skeletal class I pattern. They were all free of TMD symptoms, midline deviation of teeth, open bite, cross bite, congenital craniofacial abnormalities or any systemic diseases which may affect joint morphology such as rheumatoid arthritis. TMJ was evaluated through linear and volumetric analysis. Qualitative condyle position was also evaluated. All measures were compared on the right and left sides.Results: There was relative asymmetry between right and left sides regarding all measured parameters. Condyle height showed the highest asymmetry, while condyle AP dimension was the least. There was absolute asymmetry between right and left sides regarding all measured parameters. fossa roof thickness showed the highest asymmetry, while condyle ML width was the least. On Correlating the R and L measurements, all correlations were positive with medium strength and were statistically highly significant. The highest correlation was shown in condyle volume while fossa roof thickness showed the least. The distributions of cases according to condyle position were almost statistically significantly different between right and left sides with 49 % percentage of agreement. Conclusion: TMJ shows relative and absolute asymmetry in skeletal class I asymptomatic patients.Advances in knowledge: TMJ asymmetry has been previously evaluated in different studies in correlation with TMD or craniofacial diseases mostly limited to two-dimensional (2D) imaging. Kambylafkas et al [2005] evaluated the association between unilateral degenerative joint disease and lower facial asymmetry. Yáñez-Vico et al [2012] analyzed and compared mandibular condyle morphology in patients with and without temporomandibular disorder. They concluded that condylar width, height and length asymmetries were a common feature of TMD. Trpkova et al [2000] investigated the amount of craniofacial asymmetry in female orthodontic patients with unilateral or bilateral TMJ internal derangement relative to the amount in female patients without TMJ ID. They found that the amount of asymmetry was not significant between females with normal TMJs and those with TMJ ID.

Objectives: To assess accuracy and reliability of linear measurements for analysis of CBCT superimposition and determine if linear measurements are enough without requiring advanced analytical tools. Methods: Pre and post-operative CBCT scans of 20 orthodontic cases were used for CBCT superimposition. The gold standard was linear CBCT measurements on the axial section of each separate scan (pre and post) before superimposition. Voxel based and point based superimposition were done using Dolphin 3D (Dolphin Imaging and Management,

Objectives:The purpose of this study is to validate different mastoid osteometric measurements in sex estimation in a sample of Egyptian population using cone beam computed tomography. Study design:This study was conducted on 100 cone beam computed topographic scans, with age range was from 18 to 80 years. Scans were analyzed using On Demand software. Nine osteometric measurements were used for discrimination. They all were done for both sides then averaged.Results: Males group showed higher means in all parameters. There was highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01) except for mastoid length and mastoid medial convergence angle (p>0.05). The best of the calculated functions was obtained by mastoid height and the inter-mastoidale distance. Mastoid height showed the highest canonical correlation (0.548) and 72% classification accuracy followed by inter-mastoidal distance which showed (0.417) canonical correlation and the highest classification accuracy 82%. On the other hand, the function obtained by the mastoid length and mastoid medial convergence angle proved to be the least efficient (58%, 36%).Conclusions: Mastoid bone could be efficiently used in sex discrimination via un-identified bone remains and is preferable in forensic medicine and anthropology. Mastoid height and Intermastoidale distance are the most efficient discriminants with high accuracy. A discriminant function equation specific for the studied Egyptian population has been derived from the mastoid variables. We can conclude that mastoid bone osteometric measurements are efficient for human sex discrimination. This will give the society a clue to solve many criminal conditions.